Evaluation of the Eiken latex agglutination test for anti-Toxoplasma antibodies and seroprevalence of Toxoplasma infection among factory workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Woldemichael, Tilahun; Fontanet, Arnaud; Sahlu, T.; Gilis, Henk; Messele, T.; Wit, Tobias F. Rinke de; Yeneneh, H; Coutinho, Roel A.; Gool, Tom van

doi:10.1016/s0035-9203(98)91065-3

Cited by 39 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The LA test employed in the present study has shown 96.3% sensitivity and 97.1% specifi city (29) and ease-of-use in realworld contexts; it also has a high qualitative agreement with the Sabin-Feldman dye test, which represents the gold standard (13) . Moreover, the LA test has been widely used in remote or rural areas in many developing countries (12) (22) (30) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Toxoplasma gondii infection: seroprevalence and associated risk factors among primary schoolchildren in Lagos City, Southern Nigeria

Gyang

Akinwale

Lee

et al. 2015

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction:Toxoplasma gondii infection has been described as the most widespread zoonotic infection of humans and other animals. Information concerning T. gondii infection among schoolchildren is unavailable in Lagos City, Nigeria. Methods: This crosssectional study investigated the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with T. gondii infection among primary schoolchildren (PSC) from a community located in the center of Lagos, southern Nigeria, from November 2013 to March 2014. A total of 382 PSC were screened for the presence of sera anti-T. gondii antibodies using a latex agglutination test (TOXO Test-MT, Tokyo, Japan). A cutoff titer of ≥ 1:32 was considered positive, while titers ≥ 1:1,024 indicated high responders. Questionnaires were also used to obtain data on possible risk factors from parents/guardians. Results: The overall seroprevalence was 24% (91/382), and 83.5% (76/91) of seropositive PSC were classifi ed as high responders. Among the risk factors tested, including contact with cats and soil, consumption of raw meat and vegetables, and drinking unboiled water, none showed statistical signifi cance after multivariate adjustment. No associations were observed among age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and parents' occupation/educational level. Conclusions: The fi ndings in this study show evidence of active infection, and hence, there is need for urgent preventive measures in this city. Further investigation is required to clarify the transmission routes. Policy makers also need to initiate prevention and control programs to protect pregnant women and immunocompromised patients in particular because they are more severely affected by T. gondii infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Toxoplasma gondii infection: seroprevalence and associated risk factors among primary schoolchildren in Lagos City, Southern Nigeria

Gyang

Akinwale

Lee

et al. 2015

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…A study by Woldemichael et al in Ethiopia on HIV-positive and HIVnegative adults showed an 80% prevalence. 9 Simpore et al showed a 25.3% prevalence in pregnant women in Burkina Faso, and Lindström et al showed a 54% prevalence in HIVpositive adults in Uganda. 10,11 There are several possible explanations for the low prevalences found in this study, as well as the reported historical differences in prevalences between regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in HIV-positive and HIV-negative subjects in Gauteng, South Africa

Kistiah

Winiecka-Krusnell

Barragán

et al. 2011

Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and Infection

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Toxoplasmosis is an infection of warm-blooded vertebrates caused by one of the most common parasites of humans, Toxoplasma gondii. T. gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite with a worldwide distribution and a varying prevalence between different continents and countries, and even within the same country. There is little known about T. gondii prevalence in Africa. In South Africa, there is limited information about the disease and detailed recent demographic data of groups at risk are missing. The seroprevalences of T. gondii antibodies in samples of selected populations, namely HIV-positive male and female subjects, and HIV-negative pregnant women in the Gauteng province, were therefore investigated and found to be 9.8% (95% confidence interval: 7.1%-13.4%) and 12.8 % (CI: 8.9%-15.8%), respectively. A more general population sample (but biased towards pregnant women) showed a 6.4% (CI: 4.5%-9%) seroprevalence. These results show that T. gondii infection is present in South Africa, but its prevalence is much lower than previously reported in this region. While the burden of disease has been reduced in recent times, a low prevalence means that more previously unexposed people are at risk of acquiring an acute infection, which may cause congenital disease in pregnant women, or which, in reactivation form, may ultimately be life-threatening in HIV/AIDS patients.

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“…The infection rate reported in this study was higher than those reported for other African countries (7,11,12) The prevalence of toxoplasmosis in Ethiopia varies from 8% to 89% (6,(13)(14)(15)(16). One of the causes for this high prevalence is attributed to the close contact of humans with cats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Seroprevalence Of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> In Nazaret Town, Ethiopia

Negash

Tilahun²,

Medhin³

2009

East Afr. J. Pub. Health

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Objective: To determine the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis, assess its zoonotic importance and identify factors associated with seroprevalence. Methods: Questionnaire survey was conducted on 65 serum samples collected from male and female urban and peri-urban residents aged between 15 days and 65 years. Main outcome measures were feeding habits, purpose of keeping cats and association with family members. Serologic evidence of toxoplasmosis was conducted by the Modified Direct Agglutination Test (MDA T) and determination of HIV status using the HIV -Spot Test. Results: Over 50% of the interviewed people had a history of consumption of raw or undercooked mutton and had close contact with cats. 60% of the serum samples analyzed by the MDA T had serologic evidence of Toxoplasma infection. Significantly higher MDA T tiers were encountered both in pregnant and immunocompromised individuals. The risk factors associated to Toxoplasma infection, i.e. raw or undercooked mutton consumption and presence of cats appeared significant. Conclusion and recommendations: The significance of toxoplasmosis as a disease of zoonotic importance was demonstrated. Close contact between family members and the consumption of raw or undercooked mutton were the major risk factors in the transmission of the disease. Considering the relatively high prevalence as revealed by this study it would be important to conduct studies on a wider scale. It would also be important to increase public awareness and upgrade the knowledge on congenital toxoplasmosis.

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Evaluation of the Eiken latex agglutination test for anti-Toxoplasma antibodies and seroprevalence of Toxoplasma infection among factory workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Cited by 39 publications

References 16 publications

Toxoplasma gondii infection: seroprevalence and associated risk factors among primary schoolchildren in Lagos City, Southern Nigeria

Toxoplasma gondii infection: seroprevalence and associated risk factors among primary schoolchildren in Lagos City, Southern Nigeria

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in HIV-positive and HIV-negative subjects in Gauteng, South Africa

Seroprevalence Of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> In Nazaret Town, Ethiopia

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