Evaluation of the efficiency of using black-mottled cows of the Ural type

Abstract

The article assumes that in the Sverdlovsk region, breeding bulls of the Holstein breed with high efficiency according to their maternal ancestors were used on the breeding stock of the black-mottled breed of the Ural spawn. Animals of this type are of high efficiency. The efficiency evaluation of Ural type cows is urgent. The aim of the work is to evaluate the efficiency of the new genotype cows in terms of their milk yield qualities. It has been found that dairy cows show high milk yields. In accordance with physiological laws, they increase until the fourth lactation, and then gradually go down. The first insemination of replacement heifers on the farm is carried out at the age of 18-19 months with a live weight of over 400 kg. This makes it possible to breed healthy strong animals capable of breeding for a long time and having high milk yield. The maximum milk yield is from 21 kg to 1986 kg (from 0.2% to 35.3%); it is more than the actual one. The farm has reserves for increasing milk yield due to measures for the milk efficiency of the first-year heifers and other cows. It will significantly increase the milk yield in the third and further lactation. The authors calculated the life-long milk yield. It turned out that in fact, 84,450 kg of milk can be obtained from a dairy cow during 10 lactations. The efficiency potential of lifetime productivity, based on the maximum milk yield per lactation, was 7077 kg or 8.4% higher. The predicted potential shows that 104 101 kg of milk can be obtained from a dairy cow during 11 lactations. The efficiency fluctuations by lactation are significant; and from the first to the 5th lactation they exceed 150% of the minimum milk yield of dairy cows to the maximum in the same lactation. So, it is possible to make a conclusion about the great changeability of this feature in the herd and the great possibilities of selection at carrying out selection and breeding work on the farm.

Physiological justification for obtaining high productivity of dairy cattle

“…In accordance with the physiological laws of growth and development, a cow reaches physiological maturity at the age of 5-6 years (the age of the first fertilization is not earlier than 18 months and the third lactation) and continues to grow up to this age and, accordingly, the optimal conditions for feeding and keeping should respond to an increase in productivity, in our case, milk production per lactation [1].…”

“…The main necessity in ensuring the nation health and food security of any country is an uninterrupted and sustainable public supply with quality food, including dairy products [1]. Dairy farming fulfills an important socio-economic and national-economic task, providing the population with valuable food products [2].…”

Formation of prerequisites for reforming the dairy cattle breeding system

“…In the last 30-40 years in this group, animals of the black-and-white Holstein breed have been widely used to increase the abundant milk yield, improve the exterior-constitutional characteristics, and the technological properties of the udder [7][8][9][10]. Black-and-white cattle have the greatest potential for milk production (at the level of 10 thousand liters of milk per year or more) with a moderate content of fat and protein (3.6-4.0% and 3.2-3.6%, respectively) [23][24][25][26][27][28].…”

Dynamics of reproductive qualities of cows depending on the productive longevity

“…The gene pool of the Holstein breed, which is considered the best dairy breed in the world, for more than four decades has been widely used and continues to be used to improve domestic livestock, including the black-and-white mottled breed in order to increase plentiful milk yield and improve technological characteristics in industrial production [13][14][15][16][17].…”