Evaluation of the effects of different supplementation on oxidative status in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease. Reactive oxygen species have been considered as aggravating factors for autoimmune diseases. Fatty acids had been linked in reduction of various diseases by augment of their antioxidant potential and antiinflammatory mechanisms. The aim of this study was to assess the oxidative status in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who used concentrated fish oil only or concentrated fish oil in combination with evening primrose oil in a period of 3 months. Subjects were divided into three groups. The group I consists of patients who had been taking only their regular rheumatologic therapy; group II, patients who had been taking concentrated fish oil; and group III, patients who had been taking concentrated fish oil and evening primrose oil. Peripheral blood samples were used for all the assays. We assessed the following oxidative stress markers: index of lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS)), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion radical (O2 (-)), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), catalase activity (CAT), and glutathione levels (GSH) in erythrocytes. There were no statistically significant changes for any of the oxidative stress parameters in group I. In group II, levels of TBARS, NO2 (-), and GSH were increased, while levels of H2O2 decreased. Increased values of TBARS, NO2 (-), and SOD were found in group III. Our findings indicate that intakes of fish oil and evening primrose oil may be of importance in mitigation of inflammation, disease activity, and oxidative stress biomarkers, through increased activities of antioxidant enzymes.

Antioxidant, hepatoprotective, genoprotective, and cytoprotective effects of quercetin in a murine model of arthritis

“…In the present study, we observed increased ROS and TBARS levels in the untreated arthritic group, which may be owing to the production of ROS as a result of inflammation, leading to the destruction of cartilage and bone, neutrophil degranulation, and the release of various potentially harmful enzymes . Oxidative stress can induce the peroxidation of membrane lipids, which may result in inactivation of membrane‐bound receptors or enzymes with a consequential increase in tissue permeability and damage to normal cellular function .…”

“…The endogenous antioxidant defenses counteract the damage caused by oxidative stress and are divided into enzymatic and nonenzymatic. Enzymatic antioxidant defenses are composed of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase, while nonenzymatic systems comprise substances such as vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids, and flavonoids …”

“…Enzymatic antioxidant defenses are composed of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase, while nonenzymatic systems comprise substances such as vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids, and flavonoids. 17,18 Quercetin is an exogenous anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compound belonging to the flavonoid class of polyphenols, [19][20][21][22] and also has anticarcinogenic, analgesic, antihypertensive, and antiulcer effects. 19,23 Clinical and experimental data have shown the cardio-and bowelprotective functions of this flavonoid.…”

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in patients with rheumatoid arthritis as potential biomarkers for disease activity and the role of antioxidants

“…In another study, the possible onset of lipid peroxidation and its relevance to the pathophysiology of RA was estimated [37]. Recently, the oxidative stress status in RA patients, supplemented with fish oil and primrose oil, compared with control RA patients was investigated through the assessment of the free radical formation and the levels of antioxidants in human serum [19]. In the latter study, however, non-specific detection probes were used for monitoring hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion and nitric oxide.…”

“…By a broad definition, the antioxidant is any substance that, even if present at low concentrations, significantly prevents or delays the oxidation of its substrates [18]. In a recent study, the anti-inflammatory role of antioxidants, such as ascorbic acid and vitamin E, was addressed and the addition of such antioxidants to the treatment strategies has been strongly recommended for either the prevention or the treatment of the disease [19]. In addition, a randomized controlled study had investigated the dietary intervention in patients with RA and it was observed that the levels of ascorbic acid, uric acid and retinol in human plasma were inversely correlated with rheumatoid biomarkers, hence suggesting possible dietary antioxidant interventions in RA management [20].…”