Evaluation of the Effects of a Pyrophosphate-Fluoride Anticalculus Dentifrice on Remineralization and Fluoride Uptake in situ

Mellberg, J.R.; Petrou, I.D.; Fletcher, Ronald D.; Grote, N.E.

doi:10.1159/000261344

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Variations in model sensitivity can be observed in in vitro assessments of the activity of anticalculus dentifrices 107 , where some protocols show significant inhibition of remineralization with the addition of tartar control inhibitors to fluoride dentifrices, while others show no negative effects with the addition of these inhibitors 30,89,93,107,115 . However, clinical 51,52,82 and in situ 63 studies with tartar control dentifrices confirm that mineralization inhibitors do not appear to affect caries protection of dentifrices, in-line with data reported from some pH-cycling studies. For whitening dentifrices, there is only scanty information on their anti-caries efficacy and there is still a need for further evaluation of both different types of compounds and lesions in pH-cycling and in situ studies.…”

Section: Results and Literature Reviewsupporting

confidence: 79%

pH-cycling models for in vitro evaluation of the efficacy of fluoridated dentifrices for caries control: strengths and limitations

et al. 2010

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Despite a plethora of in situ studies and clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of fluoridated dentifrices on caries control, in vitro pH cycling models are still broadly used because they mimic the dynamics of mineral loss and gain involved in caries formation. This paper critically reviews the current literature on existing pH-cycling models for the in vitro evaluation of the efficacy of fluoridated dentifrices for caries control, focusing on their strengths and limitations. A search was undertaken in the MEDLINE electronic journal database using the keywords "pH-cycling", "demineralization", "remineralization", "in vitro", "fluoride", "dentifrice". The primary outcome was the decrease of demineralization or the increase of remineralization as measured by different methods (e.g.: transverse microradiography) or tooth fluoride uptake. Inclusion of studies, data extraction and quality assessment were undertaken independently and in duplicate by two members of the review team. Disagreements were solved by discussion and consensus or by a third party. One hundred and sixteen studies were included, of which 42 addressed specifically the comparison of dentifrices using different pH-cycling models. The other studies included meta-analysis or reviews, data about the effect of different fluoride sources on de-remineralization, different methods for analysis de-remineralization and chemical variables and characteristics of dental hard tissues that might have influence on de-remineralization processes. Generally, the studies presented ability to detect known results established by clinical trials, to demonstrate dose-related responses in the fluoride content of the dentifrices, and to provide repeatability and reproducibility between tests. In order to accomplish these features satisfactorily, it is mandatory to take into account the type of substrate and baseline artificial lesion, as well as the adequate response variables and statistical approaches to be used. This critical review of literature showed that the currently available pH-cycling models are appropriate to detect dose-response and pH-response of fluoride dentifrices, and to evaluate the impact of new active principles on the effect of fluoridated dentifrices, as well as their association with other anti-caries treatments.

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Section: Results and Literature Reviewsupporting

confidence: 79%

pH-cycling models for in vitro evaluation of the efficacy of fluoridated dentifrices for caries control: strengths and limitations

et al. 2010

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“…Fluoride measurements were made in duplicate, using an ion-specific electrode (Orion 96-09) and an ion-analyzer (Orion EA-940) (Orion Research, Boston, MA, USA) which had been calibrated previously with triplicate fluoride standards (0.025 to 4.0 µg F/ml), prepared in 50% TISAB II, containing 0.25 M/L HCl. Group 1 served as a control for fluoride uptake, expressed per layer of removed enamel rather than as a function of depth (27).…”

Section: Fluoride Uptake Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoride-releasing capacity and cariostatic effect provided by sealants

et al. 2005

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This study evaluated the effect of sealants on enamel demineralization, focusing on physical protection of the sealed enamel and fluoride protection of the adjacent unsealed enamel. Occlusal fissures with areas measuring 12 mm2 were delimited in 48 extracted molars, randomly divided into 4 groups (n =12): 1) no sealing; 2) sealing with a resin-modified glass-ionomer (Vitremer, 3M ESPE); 3) sealing with a fluoride-releasing composite sealant (Clinpro Sealant, 3M ESPE); and 4) sealing with a non-fluoridated composite sealant (Concise, 3M ESPE). A 4-mm2 window was outlined on the buccal enamel for analysis of fluoride uptake. Following treatment, groups 2, 3 and 4 were subjected to 5-days of pH-cycling, while group 1 was kept in a moist environment at 37 degrees C. Fluoride uptake was assessed by dental biopsy, and the amount of fluoride released to the cycling solutions was determined by ion analysis. Enamel demineralization around the sealants was evaluated by cross-sectional micro-hardness analysis. Group 2 showed higher levels of fluoride release (P < 0.01) and uptake by enamel (P < 0.05), and lower levels of demineralization (P < 0.05) than groups 3 and 4. Group 3 exhibited reduced demineralization on unsealed enamel and provided fluoride uptake in a distant enamel area, while group 4 did not.

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“…A phosphorus content of 17.4% and an enamel density of 2.92 were assumed in order to calculate the amount of enamel removed and to estimate the depth of each enamel layer (14). Owing to the density variation of caries lesions, the data were expressed per layer rather than as function of depth (15).…”

Section: Analysis Of Fluoride Concentration In Enamelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a combination of fluoride dentifrice and varnish on enamel surface rehardening and fluoride uptake in vitro

Maia

Souza

Cury

2003

European J Oral Sciences

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of combining fluoride dentifrice (FD) and varnish (FV) on in vitro enamel surface rehardening and on fluoride uptake under a pH-cycling regimen. Seventy-eight bovine enamel blocks with early lesions were used and 52 were divided into four treatment groups: (a) placebo non-fluoridated dentifrice (PD); (b); FD (1100 p.p.m. F as NaF); (c); FV (Duraphat) + PD; and (d) FV + FD. The FV was applied to enamel blocks of groups FV + PD and FV + FD before the pH-cycling regimen, and all of them were submitted to dentifrice during cycling. Surface enamel microhardness was determined on the dental blocks before and after demineralization, and after the pH-cycling regimen. The percentage of surface microhardness recovery (%SMHR) was calculated. Fluoride in the blocks was also determined, after removing three layers of enamel. The highest values of percentage SMHR were observed for the FD group. The greatest fluoride uptake was found in the FD and FV + FD groups, but the difference between them was not statistically significant. It was found that the frequent use of fluoride dentifrice resulted in greater benefit in enamel surface rehardening, with a similar effect on fluoride uptake, when compared with its combination with a single fluoride varnish application.

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Evaluation of the Effects of a Pyrophosphate-Fluoride Anticalculus Dentifrice on Remineralization and Fluoride Uptake in situ

Cited by 11 publications

References 7 publications

pH-cycling models for in vitro evaluation of the efficacy of fluoridated dentifrices for caries control: strengths and limitations

pH-cycling models for in vitro evaluation of the efficacy of fluoridated dentifrices for caries control: strengths and limitations

Fluoride-releasing capacity and cariostatic effect provided by sealants

Effect of a combination of fluoride dentifrice and varnish on enamel surface rehardening and fluoride uptake in vitro

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