Evaluation of the effects of S-methylisothiourea hemisulfate, an inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, on the healing of colonic anastomosis in rats
Abstract:PURPOSE:To evaluate the effects of S-methylisothiourea hemisulfate (SMT) on the healing of colonic anastomosis in rats.
METHODS:Sixty rats Wistar were distributed into two groups of 30 animals: experimental (E) and control C). The animals of experimental group received intraperitoneal SMT at 50mg/kg/dose every 12 hours for 72 hours. The control group received intraperitoneal saline at the same volume of SMT. The rats were subdivided into subgroups groups of 10 for euthanasia on the third, seventh, and 14 th po… Show more
“…SMT is an iNOS inhibitor, and some studies have shown the specificity of SMT for iNOS. [ 12 15 ] Nitrite is also considered as an indicator of NO production. [ 16 ] We found that simultaneous use of SMT and iron did not attenuate the intensity of ID in the kidney.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The agent is shown to be 10–30 times more effective and powerful than other iNOS inhibitors in vitro . [ 12 ] SMT inhibits NO production, which in turn reduces endogenous NO concentration. [ 13 ] Due to increase of iNOS in some organs [ 10 11 ] by iron overloading, it is hypothesized that inhibition of iNOS may attenuate iron overloading or at least it's side effects.…”
Background:Iron dextran is in common use to maintain iron stores. However, it is potentially toxic and may lead to iron deposition (ID) and impair functions of organs. Iron overload can regulate the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in some cells that has an important role in tissue destruction. S-methylisothiourea hemisulfate (SMT) is a direct inhibitor of iNOS, and this study was designed to investigate the effect of SMT against kidney ID in iron overload rats.Materials and Methods:24 Wistar rats (male and female) were randomly assigned to two groups. Iron overloading was performed by iron dextran 100 mg/kg/day every other day for 2 weeks. In addition, during the study, groups 1 and 2 received vehicle and SMT (10 mg/kg, ip), respectively. Finally, blood samples were obtained, and the kidneys were prepared for histopathological procedures.Results:SMT significantly reduced the serum levels of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. However, SMT did not alter the serum levels of iron and nitrite, and the kidney tissue level of nitrite. Co-administration of SMT with iron dextran did not attenuate the ID in the kidney.Conclusion:SMT, as a specific iNOS inhibitor, could not protect the kidney from ID while it attenuated the serum levels of kidney function biomarkers.
“…SMT is an iNOS inhibitor, and some studies have shown the specificity of SMT for iNOS. [ 12 15 ] Nitrite is also considered as an indicator of NO production. [ 16 ] We found that simultaneous use of SMT and iron did not attenuate the intensity of ID in the kidney.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The agent is shown to be 10–30 times more effective and powerful than other iNOS inhibitors in vitro . [ 12 ] SMT inhibits NO production, which in turn reduces endogenous NO concentration. [ 13 ] Due to increase of iNOS in some organs [ 10 11 ] by iron overloading, it is hypothesized that inhibition of iNOS may attenuate iron overloading or at least it's side effects.…”
Background:Iron dextran is in common use to maintain iron stores. However, it is potentially toxic and may lead to iron deposition (ID) and impair functions of organs. Iron overload can regulate the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in some cells that has an important role in tissue destruction. S-methylisothiourea hemisulfate (SMT) is a direct inhibitor of iNOS, and this study was designed to investigate the effect of SMT against kidney ID in iron overload rats.Materials and Methods:24 Wistar rats (male and female) were randomly assigned to two groups. Iron overloading was performed by iron dextran 100 mg/kg/day every other day for 2 weeks. In addition, during the study, groups 1 and 2 received vehicle and SMT (10 mg/kg, ip), respectively. Finally, blood samples were obtained, and the kidneys were prepared for histopathological procedures.Results:SMT significantly reduced the serum levels of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. However, SMT did not alter the serum levels of iron and nitrite, and the kidney tissue level of nitrite. Co-administration of SMT with iron dextran did not attenuate the ID in the kidney.Conclusion:SMT, as a specific iNOS inhibitor, could not protect the kidney from ID while it attenuated the serum levels of kidney function biomarkers.
a b s t r a c tObjective: The purpose of this experimental study was to compare the inflammatory and wound healing response of dogs submitted to colonic anastomosis with and without preoperative retrograde enema.
Methods:The study included two groups of 31 female dogs (Canis familiaris). G-I (control): no preoperative bowel preparation; G-II (study): preoperative retrograde enema using a 10% glycerin solution. All the animals were submitted to laparotomy and colotomy at 20 cm from the anal verge, followed by closure with a running extramucosal single-layer suture (Prolene ® 000). The animals were then anesthetized and euthanized on the 7th (n = 10) or 21st (n = 20) postoperative day (POD) to remove the anastomosed colon segment for histological and immunohistochemical analysis evaluating the parameters: anastomotic edema, vasoproliferation, abdominal adhesions, type I and III collagen, nitric oxide and myeloperoxidase.The observed differences were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney test for nonparametric data and Student's t test for unpaired samples and parametric data.Results: One animal from G-I and one from G-II died on POD 7 and POD 10 due to anastomotic complications and sepsis, respectively. The groups did not differ significantly with regard to inflammatory and healing parameters, although the levels of mature collagen were significantly lower in the animals submitted to preoperative bowel preparation. ଝ Study carried out at Post-graduation program stricto sensu in
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