Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Appropriateness of Bangkok Action Plans on Global Warming Mitigations

Abstract

Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA) action plans consist of 10 action plans aimed to reduce at least 15% of the total greenhouse gases emissions anticipated in the year 2012 under business as usual projection. In this study, the Multi Criteria Attribute (MCA) analysis was carried out to determine the most appropriate greenhouse gas mitigation measures for implementation in Bangkok, Thailand. Five criteria were used in this analysis included 1) mitigation potential, 2) total costs, 3) feasibility, 4) owner of benefits and 5) environmental benefits. Although, the action plan which focused on improving electricity consumption of the building and promoting electricity conservation campaign for Bangkok resident was expected to the highest reduction of greenhouse gases (2.7 million tons of CO 2 reduction). However, effort on expanding of the park area was evaluated as the most appropriate initiative when consider both of its effectiveness in reducing emissions, and its implementation cost. Carbon removal rate of trees in Bangkok's park was also evaluated through an intensive study at selected parks using data collected over the period of 10 years (2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015). It was found that the park in Bangkok could store carbon of about 1.86 tC/y (6.82 tCO 2 /y) or 0.58 tC/ha/y. These predicted results were coincided with actual outcomes evaluated from the implementation of each policy in the metropolitan area. Methodology of this study can be applied for further use in analysis and selection of appropriate measures for policy maker in other cities as well as in the national level.

Comparison of decision-making approaches to prioritization of clean air action plans for sustainable development

“…Dall'O et al proposed a multi-criteria analysis methodology to support public administration/ local governments in programming sustainable energy action plans, based on the method of ELECTRE III (42). Kiewchaum et al conducted multi-criteria analysis (MCA) of the appropriateness and effectiveness of each mitigation measure to determine the most appropriate greenhouse gas mitigation measures to be implemented in Bangkok, Thailand (43). Baker et al proposed a multicriteria framework to local jurisdictions in the Southeast Queensland, setting numerical scores as criteria for assessing seven local adaptation plans (44).…”

“…The AP4 sub-criterion was ranked in the third place in the heating dimension. Kiewchaum et al stated that increasing efficiency of electricity consumption in building plays an important role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions in Bangkok, Thailand (43). Therefore, the thermal insulation in accordance with the standards in the buildings causes less emissions due to less fuel usage.…”

Examination of the Value of Historical and Cultural Heritage Located in Urban Area as Environmental Resources

“…Related examples of studies that examined the effect of temperature mitigation on energy efficiency in an urban green area, such as parks, are as followings. Anna et al [3] examined the effectiveness of Bangkok's action plans on global warming. Jarotwan [4] examined the energy efficiency and environmental impact of the grocery store market in Canada.…”

Photoelectrocatalytic Conversion of Co2 Into Value-Added Organic Compounds Using Cu2o Photocathode

“…The global warming is main problems of the world by the effect of CO2 emission to an environment from the combustion of industrial plants or fossil fuel [1]. The methods to convert CO2 into value-added production has attractive been developed to solve the air pollutant and value creation of waste.…”