Evaluation of the Effect of Reactive Sulfide on the Acute Toxicity of Silver (I) to Daphnia Magna. Part 1: Description of the Chemical System

Bowles, Karl C.; Bianchini, Adalto; Brauner, Colin J.; Kramer, James R.; Wood, Chris M.

doi:10.1897/1551-5028(2002)021<1286:eoteor>2.0.co;2

Cited by 11 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…They were reared as previously described Bowles et al, 2002;Bianchini and Wood, 2003;Bianchini et al, 2002a;Bianchini et al, 2002b;Bianchini et al, 2005 Water was not aerated, but the experimental medium, including food, was renewed each day. Temperature and photoperiod were fixed at 20°C and 16·h:8·h L:D, respectively.…”

Section: Daphnid Maintenancementioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium uptake in different life stages of crustaceans: the water fleaDaphnia magnaStrauss

Bianchini

Wood

2008

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Section: Daphnid Maintenancementioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium uptake in different life stages of crustaceans: the water fleaDaphnia magnaStrauss

Bianchini

Wood

2008

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…The 110m Ag radioactivity in filtered (Acrodisc 0.45 M polyethersulfone in-line filters, Pall, Ann Arbor, MI, USA) and nonfiltered water samples (2 ml) was determined by using a gamma counter (MINAXI gamma Auto-gamma 5000 series, Canberra-Packard, Mississauga, ON, Canada), with the precautions on window selection outlined by Hansen et al [19]. Dissolved organic carbon was not included in the program because measured concentrations of total organic carbon in the synthetic water used in the tests were very low (Ͻ0.1 mg C/L [18,21]). Parameters were entered into the program as follows: pH ϭ 8.2; temperature ϭ 20ЊC; total silver ϭ mean measured over 48 h; Na ϩ , Cl Ϫ , Ca 2ϩ , Mg 2ϩ , and HCO 3 Ϫ ϭ nominal concentrations.…”

Section: Agno 3 Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of Acute Silver Toxicity in Daphnia Magna

Bianchini¹,

Wood²

2003

Environ Toxicol Chem

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Daphnids (Daphnia magna) were exposed to AgNO3 at 0.303 +/- 0.017 microg silver/L (46.9% as Ag+), in the absence of food, in moderately hard synthetic water under static conditions for up to 48 h. Results from accumulation experiments demonstrated that silver body burden was inversely related to body mass. Daphnids exposed to silver exhibited ionoregulatory disturbance, which was characterized by decreases in whole-body sodium concentration. This ionoregulatory disturbance was explained, at least in part, by a competitive inhibition of the whole-body sodium uptake (six- to sevenfold increase in the Michaelis constant with no change in maximal velocity), which was complete by 1 h of exposure, and resulted in approximately 40% inhibition of sodium influx from the water. A rapidly developing inhibition of whole-body Na+,K(+)-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (Na+,K(+)-ATPase) activity, significant by 2 h and complete at 90% blockade by 12 h, also was observed during exposure to AgNO3. Therefore, these findings clearly demonstrate that the key mechanism involved in acute Ag+ toxicity in D. magna, the most sensitive freshwater organism tested to date, resembles that described for freshwater fish--that is, inhibition of active sodium uptake by blockade of Na+,K(+)-ATPase. Furthermore, the results showed that Na+,K(+)-ATPase inhibition was directly related to silver accumulation in the whole body of D. magna. However, the nature of the sodium uptake inhibition (competitive vs noncompetitive in fish) and the fact that whole-body chloride concentration was not disturbed in daphnids was different from fish. With regard to the biotic ligand model (BLM) for silver, our results yielded a log K value of about 8.9. However, the current version of the BLM uses a rainbow trout log K value (7.3) but achieves the correct sensitivity of the model for daphnids by reducing the saturation of toxic sites needed to cause toxicity. An alternative way may be to use the log K value derived from the present results.

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“…[27]; hardness approximately 10 mg/L as CaCO 3 ; temperature 10 Ϯ 2ЊC). [27]; hardness approximately 10 mg/L as CaCO 3 ; temperature 10 Ϯ 2ЊC).…”

Section: Experimental Animals and Acclimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A relationship between gill silver accumulation and acute silver toxicity in the freshwater rainbow trout: Support for the acute silver biotic ligand model

Morgan

Wood

2004

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Rainbow trout were exposed to a range of silver concentrations (as AgNO3) in flowing synthetic soft water (0.05 mM Na+, 0.05 mM Cl-, 0.05 mM Ca2+, 0.02 mM Mg2+, 0.02 mM K+, pH 7.0, approximately 0.7 mg C/L dissolved organic carbon, 10 mg CaCO3/L, 10 +/- 2 degrees C) to investigate a possible relationship between short-term gill silver accumulation (3 h or 24 h) and acute silver toxicity (96-h mortality). We also investigated potential relationships between gill silver accumulation and inhibition of Na+ uptake plus inhibition of gill Na+K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. The 96-h median lethal concentration (LC50) values were 13.3 microg total Ag L(-1) and 3.3 microg dissolved Ag L(-1). A relationship was demonstrated between 3-h and 24-h gill silver accumulation and 96-h mortality. A relationship also was demonstrated between gill silver accumulation and inhibition of Na+ uptake at 24 h of exposure. No relationship between gill silver accumulation and inhibition of gill Na+K(+)-ATPase activity was found. The 96-h median lethal gill accumulation (LA50) values of 129 (at 3 h) and 191 ng g(-1) (at 24 h) and a conditional equilibrium binding constant of 8.0 for Ag+ binding to the gills were calculated. These observations support use of the silver biotic ligand model (BLM) as a regulatory tool to predict acute silver toxicity.

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Evaluation of the Effect of Reactive Sulfide on the Acute Toxicity of Silver (I) to Daphnia Magna. Part 1: Description of the Chemical System

Cited by 11 publications

References 13 publications

Sodium uptake in different life stages of crustaceans: the water fleaDaphnia magnaStrauss

Sodium uptake in different life stages of crustaceans: the water fleaDaphnia magnaStrauss

Mechanism of Acute Silver Toxicity in Daphnia Magna

A relationship between gill silver accumulation and acute silver toxicity in the freshwater rainbow trout: Support for the acute silver biotic ligand model

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