Evaluation of the effect of homogenization energy input on the enclosed water volume of concentrated W/O/W emulsions by low-resolution T2-relaxometry

Influence of the NMR receiver gain on the enclosed water volume fraction of W/O/W double emulsions as determined by low‐resolution NMR diffusometry and T2 relaxometry

“…Upon addition of MnCl 2 , the latter water peak is split into a medium (about 50 ms) and slow relaxation mode (about 0.5 s) (Fig. D) . As the medium relaxation mode overlaps with the fast relaxation mode, the T 2 distribution of the W/O/W m emulsion is rather bimodal, apart from the very small contribution (<1%) at small relaxation time.…”

“…2D). [10] As the medium relaxation mode overlaps with the fast relaxation mode, the T 2 distribution of the W/O/W m Figure 1. Effect of the RG/ARG ratio on the integrated (T 2 ) signal intensity for deionized H 2 O (diamonds), the W/O/W m emulsion (squares) composed of the medium relaxation mode (triangles) and slowly relaxing water (circles).…”

“…The latter is e.g. needed for accurate background subtraction for determination of the internal water fraction upon comparison of a water‐in‐oil‐in‐water (W/O/W) emulsion with and without a paramagnetic marker . Hereby, W/O/W emulsions can be obtained upon incorporation of water within the emulsified oil phase of an oil‐in‐water emulsion.…”

“…needed for accurate background subtraction for determination of the internal water fraction upon comparison of a water-inoil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsion with and without a paramagnetic marker. [10] Hereby, W/O/W emulsions can be obtained upon incorporation of water within the emulsified oil phase of an oilin-water emulsion. The enclosed water volume fraction (EV) is the fraction of the total water that is present as internal water droplets and is an important measure of both the effectiveness of W/O/W emulsion preparation, as well as of W/O/W emulsion stability upon storage.…”

Effect of oil globule size on water exchange mechanism in water-in-oil-in-water emulsions

“…3 to the diffusion data (Fig. 2b, dashed- As compared to the double emulsion with larger oil globules, the smaller enclosed water volume fraction of the S-W/O/W emulsion follows from the application of a high-energetic homogenization treatment, which partially destroys the primary W/O emulsion, next to reducing the oil globule size of the double emulsion 14 . As shown in Fig.…”