Evaluation of the Effect of Pollution and Fungal Disease on Pinus radiata Pollen Allergenicity

Garcia‐Gallardo, M. V.; Algorta, Jaime; Longo, Natividad; Espinel, S.; Aragonés, Ana Cristina Márquez; Lombardero, M.; Bernaola, G.; Jáuregui, I; Aranzábal, A.; Albizu, María Victoria; Gastaminza, Gabriel

doi:10.1159/000341368

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 87 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…In addition, vegetation reacts with air pollution and environmental conditions and influences plant allergenicity [17,18]. In experimental conditions, Phleum pratense (Timothy grass) pollen releases more allergen-containing granules when treated with several concentrations of nitric dioxide and ozone than when exposed to air only [19].…”

Section: Pollen and Mould Allergensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change and respiratory diseases

D’Amato

Cecchi²,

D’Amato³

et al. 2014

European Respiratory Review

208

108

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@ERSpublications Climate change represents a threat to respiratory health by acting on respiratory diseases or their risk factors http://ow.ly/v6JElChanges in climate constitute a reality that, according to recent projections, is going to worsen in the coming years. Climate change represents a massive threat to respiratory health: 1) by directly promoting or aggravating respiratory diseases; or 2) by increasing exposure to risk factors for respiratory diseases. Climate change increases the amount of pollen and allergen produced by each plant, mould proliferation and the concentrations of outdoor ozone and particulate matter at ground level. The main diseases of concern are asthma, rhinosinusitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and respiratory tract infections. Groups at higher risk of climate change effects include individuals with pre-existing cardiopulmonary diseases or disadvantaged individuals. Adaptation and mitigation measures are strongly needed.It is now widely accepted that the earth's temperature is increasing, as confirmed by warming of the oceans, rising sea levels, glaciers melting, sea ice retreating in the Arctic and diminished snow cover in the Northern Hemisphere. Moreover, changes are also occurring in the amount, intensity, frequency and type of precipitation, as well as the increase of extreme weather events, such as heat waves, droughts, floods and hurricanes [1][2][3]. Most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-20th century is probably due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas (namely carbon dioxide, methane and the nitrous oxides) concentrations [1]. Projections of future greenhouse gas emissions indicate a worsening of the situation with between a 1.1 and 6.4uC increase in the mean temperature by the end of the 21st century [1].Climate change represents a massive direct threat to respiratory health by promoting or aggravating respiratory diseases or indirectly by increasing exposure to risk factors for respiratory diseases [4]. Climate affects weather, air and water quality, local and national food supplies, economics and many other critical health determinants. Observational evidence indicates that regional changes in climate, particularly temperature increases, affect a diverse set of physical and biological systems in many parts of the world [1, 2], some of which are of concern for respiratory health. A rapid rise has been observed in the number of hot days, such as the 2003 heat wave where temperatures of o35uC were reached resulting in ,40 000 excess deaths across Europe, mostly for cardiopulmonary causes [5,6]. Sea levels have also started to rise as an effect of a regression of the polar ice packs. Both heat waves and melting ice have led to water deprivation in certain

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Section: Pollen and Mould Allergensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change and respiratory diseases

D’Amato

Cecchi²,

D’Amato³

et al. 2014

European Respiratory Review

208

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The lowest protein bands and consequently, the lowest allergenic effect, were visible in the older petals. Therefore, apart from the pollen grains, the allergenic effect of the petals was less intense when (41). From the appearance of wheals with a large diameter in the skin test, a large increase in blood glucose levels, and significant changes in the percentage of eosinophils and serum IgE, it can be concluded that the middle-aged petals of the cytisus flower can also stimulate the immune system vigorously in addition to the pollen grains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Comparison of Allergenicity of Mature Pollen Grains and Petals in Two Ontogenic Stages in Cytisus scoparius L.

Iziy¹,

Nasr²,

Majd³

2016

J Biomed

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Cytisus scoparius L. is a plant commonly grown in parks, on highway margins, and in urban green spaces due to its beauty and flowers. It belongs to the family Fabaceae. The allergenicity of its pollen grains has been demonstrated (Majd & Rezanejad,2004); however,the allergenicity of thevery fragrant petals and its severitycompared withthat of maturepollen grains are unclear. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the allergenicity of pollen grain sand extremely fragrant petal songuinea pigs. In this study, buffered mature pollen extract and buffer extracts of petals at two ontogenic stages of old and middle-aged plants were prepared at a concentration of 16% and injected intra peritoneally and subdermally into guinea pigs. After the injection of extracts into the peritoneumfor 5 weeks, at 1-week intervals, blood samples were collected from the animals, and the levels of blood sugar, eosinophils, and serum IgE were measured. Clinical tests showed that the most potent stimulator of the immune system was the pollen extract, followed by the petal extract of middle-aged plants and old petal extract. In addition, electrophoretic profiles revealed approximately six specific protein bands that ranged from 15 to 85 kDa in the soluble pollen protein fraction, four protein bands between 27 and 85 kDa in the soluble fraction of middle-aged petal proteins, and approximately three faint protein bands between 45 and 85 kDa in the soluble protein fraction of old petals.

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“…However, for pine pollen, greater allergenic potency in skin tests and sIgE levels has been reported in pollen that comes from unpolluted areas, probably related to a higher exposure to ozone, which results in greater expression of allergenic proteins. 35 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Allergic Sensitization to Conifer Pollen in a High Cypress Exposure Area

Domínguez‐Ortega

López-Matas²,

Alonso

et al. 2016

Allergy�Rhinol (Providence)

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Background:Sensitization to Pinales (Cupressaceae and Pinaceae) has increased dramatically in recent years. The prevalence of sensitization in different geographic areas is related to exposure to specific pollens.Objectives:To investigate the prevalence of allergy to different conifer pollens, describe the characteristics of patients with such allergy, and identify the involved allergens.Methods:Patients were recruited at five hospitals near Madrid. Extracts from conifer pollen were prepared and used in skin-prick testing. Wheal sizes were recorded, and serum samples obtained from patients with positive reactions to Cupressus arizonica and/or Pinus pinea. The specific immunoglobulin E value to C. arizonica and Cup a 1 was determined. Individual immunoblots for each patient and with a pool of sera were performed. Allergenic proteins were sequenced by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Results:Of 499 individuals included in the study, 17 (14%) had positive skin-prick test results to some conifer pollen extracts. Sixty-four patients had positive results to C. arizonica (prevalence 12.8%) and 11 had positive results to P. pinea (2.2%). All the patients had respiratory symptoms (61.4% during the C. arizonica pollination period), and 62.9% had asthma. Approximately 86% of the patients had positive specific immunoglobulin E results to C. arizonica and 92.3% had positive results to Cup a 1. Fourteen different bands were recognized by immunoblot; the most frequent bands were those detected at 43, 18, 16, and 14 kDa. All sequenced proteins corresponded to Cup a 1.Conclusion:Allergy to conifer pollen could be considered a relevant cause of respiratory allergy in central Spain. Asthma was more frequent than in other studies. We only identified Cup a 1 as involved in sensitization.

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Evaluation of the Effect of Pollution and Fungal Disease on Pinus radiata Pollen Allergenicity

Cited by 23 publications

References 87 publications

Climate change and respiratory diseases

Climate change and respiratory diseases

Comparison of Allergenicity of Mature Pollen Grains and Petals in Two Ontogenic Stages in Cytisus scoparius L.

Prevalence of Allergic Sensitization to Conifer Pollen in a High Cypress Exposure Area

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