Evaluation of the Dispersion of Nitrogen Dioxide and Carbon Monoxide in the Indoor Café – Case Study

Al-Sultan, Ammar A.; Jumaah, Ghufran Farooq; Al-Ani, Faris H.

doi:10.12911/22998993/104913

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In general, indoor CO thresholds are defined by numerous standards [42]. Most use the so-called 8-h time-weighted average concentration, ranging from 35 ppm [43], 50 ppm (in case of the chronic permissible exposure limit, PEL) [44], up to 10 mg•m −3 (~87 ppm) [41,45].…”

Section: Co Inputsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of CO Accumulation in the Headspace of the Bioreactor during Organic Waste Composting

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Advanced technologies call for composting indoors for minimized impact on the surrounding environment. However, enclosing compost piles inside halls may cause the accumulation of toxic pollutants, including carbon monoxide (CO). Thus, there is a need to assess the occupational risk to workers that can be exposed to CO concentrations > 300 ppm at the initial stage of the process. The objectives were to (1) develop a model of CO accumulation in the headspace of the bioreactor during organic waste composting and (2) assess the impact of headspace ventilation of enclosed compost. The maximum allowable CO level inside the bioreactor headspace for potential short-term occupational exposure up to 10 min was 100 ppm. The composting was modeled in the horizontal static reactor over 14 days in seven scenarios, differing in the ratio of headspace-to-waste volumes (H:W) (4:1, 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4). Headspace CO concentration exceeded 100 ppm in each variant with the maximum value of 36.1% without ventilation and 3.2% with the daily release of accumulated CO. The airflow necessary to maintain CO < 100 ppmv should be at least 7.15 m3·(h·Mg w.m.)−1. The H:W > 4:1 and the height of compost pile < 1 m were less susceptible to CO accumulation.

show abstract

Section: Co Inputsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of CO Accumulation in the Headspace of the Bioreactor during Organic Waste Composting

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It would cause the visibility of the atmosphere of decline, and seriously affects people's normal travel and transport, but also it also caused different degrees of harm to the human body [6], even death [7][8][9]. However, people spend as much as 80-90% of their time indoors [10]. The dirty outdoor air would enter the room through the doors and windows of the building and the fresh air system, and it would cause different degrees of indoor pollution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical Distribution Characteristics of Outdoor Particles Concentrations in High-Rise Buildings

Zhang¹,

Fan²,

Yu³

et al. 2021

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

With speeding up urbanization in China, it is important to understand the vertical distribution characteristics of outdoor particulate matter concentrations of high-rise buildings. A high-rise building at different heights (1 st , 7 th , 11 th , 17 th , 23 th , and 27 th floors) in a university in Xi'an was tested and analyzed in this paper. Test time was 8:00, 12:00, 15:00, 15:00 and 22:00, respectively. The results showed that the concentration of each particulate matter changed the same trend roughly with the increase of vertical height at 8:00 and 22:00, as well as at 15:00 and 18:00. While the mass concentration of each particle showed a trend of first increased, then decreased and next then increased with the height increased when the time was 12:00. It caused by the inverse temperature. The particles between 0 and 1.0 μm accounted for more than 99.4% during the testing. There were mainly small particles in the atmosphere. PM 1.0 /PM 10 and PM 2.5 /PM 10 all showed a trend of first decreased and then increased at different vertical height. The highest points of PM 2.5 /PM 10 and PM 1.0 /PM 10 increased by 9.63% and 8.2% respectively from the lowest points, and the ratio was the highest at 15:00. At the same time, outdoor meteorological conditions would also affect the concentration distribution of particulate matters. This paper provides a reference for the development of high-rise buildings and the effective control of particulate matter concentration in high-rise buildings.

show abstract

“…Currently, there are about 4.4 million smokers in Iraq. [Middle East Market, 2016], as in Figure (6).…”

Section: Results and Discissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor Air Quality, Health Effects Resulting from Coffee Shops Smoke – Review

Al-Kindi¹,

Al-Haidri²

2023

Ecol. Eng. Environ. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

All over the world, people are drawn to stay most of their time in indoor environments and largely in restaurants and cafes. For this reason, the aim of this study is to provide information to decision-makers and researchers about indoor air pollution in cafes and its significant impact on people's health. Cigarettes, hookahs, and electronic cigarettes abound in cafes frequented by young people (Most of them are school students) and some women, In addition, to minors. The main sources of pollutants in coffee shops are heating, cooling, cooking, and emissions from shisha, cigarettes, and e-cigarettes. The most common pollutants are CO, PMs, NOx, SOx, and VOCs, in addition to nicotine. Health effects appear in adults, children, and women, they affect otitis media, and heart disease for children, while it is on heart attack, nasal irritation, lung cancer, and coronary heart disease. As for its effects on the pregnant woman and the fetus, it affects reproduction and low birth weight. This review could be for environmental legislators for Iraqis, in international organizations to formulate legislation for indoor air for cafes that takes into account all sources of air pollution to create a healthy and comfortable environment. The review is also useful for cafe managers and customers to understand the potential health risks of indoor air pollution.

show abstract

Evaluation of the Dispersion of Nitrogen Dioxide and Carbon Monoxide in the Indoor Café – Case Study

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

Modeling of CO Accumulation in the Headspace of the Bioreactor during Organic Waste Composting

Modeling of CO Accumulation in the Headspace of the Bioreactor during Organic Waste Composting

Vertical Distribution Characteristics of Outdoor Particles Concentrations in High-Rise Buildings

Indoor Air Quality, Health Effects Resulting from Coffee Shops Smoke – Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About