Evaluation of the cytotoxic activity of extracts from medicinal plants used for the treatment of malaria in Kagera and Lindi regions, Tanzania

Nondo, Ramadhani S O; Moshi, Mainen J.; Erasto, Paul; Zofou, Denis; Njouendou, Abdel Jélil; Wanji, Samuel; Ngemenya, Moses N.; Kidukuli, Abdul W.; Masimba, Pax J.; Titanji, Vincent P. K.

doi:10.7324/japs.2015.50402

Cited by 34 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Medicinal plants are assumed to be safe based on their long history of use in the treatment and management of diseases [ 14 ]. However, the use of these plants may be associated with irritation of the gastrointestinal tract, destruction of red blood cells, and damage of the heart and kidney [ 15 ]. Therefore, this necessitates the need for cytotoxicity evaluation of medicinal plants used in ethnopharmacology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial interactions, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects of four medicinal plant species

Kudumela

McGaw

Masoko

2018

BMC Complement Altern Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundThe constant emergence of antibiotic resistant species and the adverse side effects of synthetic drugs are threatening the efficacy of the drugs that are currently in use. This study was aimed at investigating the possible antibacterial interactions, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects of selected medicinal plants based on their traditional usage.MethodsThe acetone extracts of four plant species were assessed independently and in combination for antibacterial activity using microdilution assay and the sum of the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) was calculated. The ability of Dombeya rotundifolia and Schkuhria pinnata extracts to inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in LPS induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells was evaluated using Dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (H2DCF-DA) assay to determine anti-inflammatory potential and the toxicity on African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells was evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.ResultsThe antibacterial efficacies of the different combinations of Schkuhria pinnata (A), Commelina africana (B), Dombeya rotundifolia (C) and Elephantorrhiza elephantina (D) plants varied from combination to combination. Synergistic effects were only exhibited against P. aeruginosa, while the antagonistic effects were only observed against E. coli. Both S. pinnata and D. rotundifolia demonstrated anti-inflammatory potential by inhibiting the production of ROS in a dose dependant manner. The cytotoxicity of the plants (LC50 values) ranged from < 25.0 to 466.1 μg/mL. S pinnata extract was the most toxic with the lowest LC50 value of < 25.0 μg/mL.ConclusionsThe synergistic interaction observed indicates that combinational therapy may improve biological activity. This report highlights the anti-inflammatory potential of S. pinnata and D. rotundifolia; which could be exploited in the search for anti-inflammatory agents. However, the cytotoxicity of S. pinnata highlights the importance of using this plant with caution.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial interactions, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects of four medicinal plant species

Kudumela

McGaw

Masoko

2018

BMC Complement Altern Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Each concentration was tested in triplicate and each experiment was done twice. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay and cytotoxic activity was determined according to a method used in our previous study [20]. Gleevec ® (Imatinib) was used as a cytotoxic drug.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-plasmodial activity of Norcaesalpin D and extracts of four medicinal plants used traditionally for treatment of malaria

Nondo

Moshi

Erasto

et al. 2017

BMC Complement Altern Med

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundMalaria is an old life-threatening parasitic disease that is still affecting many people, mainly children living in sub-Saharan Africa. Availability of effective antimalarial drugs played a significant role in the treatment and control of malaria. However, recent information on the emergence of P. falciparum parasites resistant to one of the artemisinin-based combination therapies suggests the need for discovery of new drug molecules. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antiplasmodial activity of extracts, fractions and isolated compound from medicinal plants traditionally used in the treatment of malaria in Tanzania.MethodsDry powdered plant materials were extracted by cold macerations using different solvents. Norcaesalpin D was isolated by column chromatography from dichloromethane root extract of Caesalpinia bonducella and its structure was assigned based on the spectral data. Crude extracts, fractions and isolated compound were evaluated for antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-sensitive P. falciparum (3D7), chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum (Dd2, K1) and artemisinin-resistant P. falciparum (IPC 5202 Battambang, IPC 4912 Mondolkiri) strains using the parasite lactate dehydrogenase assay.ResultsThe results indicated that extracts of Erythrina schliebenii, Holarrhena pubescens, Dissotis melleri and C. bonducella exhibited antiplasmodial activity against Dd2 parasites. Ethanolic root extract of E. schliebenii had an IC50 of 1.87 μg/mL while methanolic and ethanolic root extracts of H. pubescens exhibited an IC50 = 2.05 μg/mL and IC50 = 2.43 μg/mL, respectively. Fractions from H. pubescens and C. bonducella roots were found to be highly active against K1, Dd2 and artemisinin-resistant parasites. Norcaesalpin D from C. bonducella root extract was active with IC50 of 0.98, 1.85 and 2.13 μg/mL against 3D7, Dd2 and IPC 4912-Mondolkiri parasites, respectively.ConclusionsAntiplasmodial activity of norcaesalpin D and extracts of E. schliebenii, H. pubescens, D. melleri and C. bonducella reported in this study requires further attention for the discovery of antimalarial lead compounds for future drug development.

show abstract

“…24 The brine shrimp results are interpreted as follows LC 50 < 1.0 µg/mL -Highly toxic; LC 50 1.0 -10.0 µg/mL -toxic; LC 50 10-30 µg/mL -moderately toxic; LC 50 > 30 < 100 µg/mL -mildly toxic and >100 µg/mL as non-toxic. 25 Table 2 shows that all the extracts of the three plants exhibited in vitro antiplasmodial activity against P. falciparum W2 and W6 strains. Hypoestes verticillaris dichloromethane/methanol extract gave an IC 50 of 5.51 µg/mL against D6 strain and 5.48 µg/mL against W2 strain; while the 5% aqueous ethanol extract gave IC 50 = 5.46 µg/mL against D6 strain and 7.04 µg/mL against W2 strain, respectively.…”

Section: Brine Shrimp Lethality Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro Antiplasmodial and Cytotoxic activity of Three Medicinal Plants used Traditionally for Treatment of Malaria

Omole¹,

Moshi²,

Ilias³

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Reports of emergence of Artemisinin Combination Therapies (ACTs) resistant malaria parasites in Greater Mekong region and Equatorial Guinea, is a strong reason necessitating increased efforts to discover new antimalarial compounds with novel mechanisms of action. Plants have potential to yield new antiplasmodial compounds. This study investigated the safety and efficacy of three plants; Bersama abyssinica Fresen, Rubus keniensis Standl and Hypoestes verticillaris (L.f.) Sol. ex Roem. and Schult that are used by the Ogiek community of Kenya for treatment of malaria. Methodology: The crude extracts were tested for in vitro antimalarial activity using Plasmodium falciparum strains W2 (chloroquine resistant) and D6 (chloroquine sensitive). Safety evaluation was done using monkey kidney Vero cells and the brine shrimp lethality test. Results: Dichloromethane: methanol (1:1) and 5% aqueous methanol extracts of the three plants exhibited in vitro antiplasmodial activity against the W2 and D6 Plasmodium falciparum strains with IC 50 = 12.11-19.18 µg/mL, 5.46-7.04 µg/mL and 9.82-34.52 µg/mL, respectively. H. verticillaris extracts were the most active against the two Plasmodium falciparum strains. The dichloromethane: methanol extracts of the three plants exhibited lower toxicity on monkey kidney Vero cells relative to antiplasmodial activity as compared to the 5% aqueous methanol extracts. The mean Vero cells: parasite selectivity index of the dichloromethane: methanol extracts was (4.8), B. abyssinica (3.75) and R. keniensis (1.9), while for the 5% aqueous methanol extracts they were H. verticillaris (1.0), B. abyssinica (1.95) and R. keniensis (1.75). A similar toxicity profile was exhibited by brine shrimp lethality results. Conclusion: The results support the use of the three plants for the treatment of malaria. Therefore, they have potential to yield safe and effective compounds targeting P. falciparum malaria.

show abstract

Evaluation of the cytotoxic activity of extracts from medicinal plants used for the treatment of malaria in Kagera and Lindi regions, Tanzania

Cited by 34 publications

References 23 publications

Antibacterial interactions, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects of four medicinal plant species

Antibacterial interactions, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects of four medicinal plant species

Anti-plasmodial activity of Norcaesalpin D and extracts of four medicinal plants used traditionally for treatment of malaria

In vitro Antiplasmodial and Cytotoxic activity of Three Medicinal Plants used Traditionally for Treatment of Malaria

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About