Evaluation of the cost of unused medications in a hospital in Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

Woldeyohanins, Alem Endeshaw; Kasahun, Asmamaw Emagn; Demeke, Chilot Abiyu; Feyisa, Diriba; Kifle, Zemene Demelash

doi:10.1016/j.cegh.2022.101000

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 13 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…Recently, public-private issues, such as donations and possible recirculation [4], including reassignment between public health utilities, in [5] have been screened in this research field. Improvements in MRLSs involving a wide range of stakeholders [6,7], and efforts to calculate the financial value of generated waste are also targets of investigation [8,9], although with limitations related to specific legal regulations and scales. With the supply chain disruptions triggered by diverse causes, such as high costs to final consumers and to government procurement [4], scholars have resurrected the debate on medicine returns not only for proper disposal (in the case of a damaged or expired product), but for possible reuse [10][11][12][13][14][15][16], regardless of the traditional argument about the likely risks entailed in a further harnessing of these products [6,11,12,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability Assessment of Medicines Reverse Logistics in Brazil: Outcomes from the National and Local Systems

Viegas,

Bond,

Pontes

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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Brazil adopted a national medicines reverse logistic system (MRLS) in 2020 to properly discharge medicines for human use. Parallel to this, there are Brazilian municipal MRLSs that have been working since 2002 that facilitate the appropriate discharge or reuse of medicines. These systems are not linked with each other. This paper evaluates the national and the municipal Brazilian MRLS, and compares them regarding their principles, concepts, procedures, and (socio)economic outcomes using a modified sustainability assessment framework. It was found that shared responsibility is a principle of both MRLSs, but that local systems provide additional community benefits and lead to greater circularity in the use of medicines. Procedural aspects are highly formalized only in the national MRLS. The national MRLS collected and destroyed 52.7 tons of medicines in 2021 but did not disclose the costs. Estimations based on demographic data, information disclosed by one municipality, and secondary data from five other local systems indicate that the six municipalities could return around USD 123 million in 2021 to the benefit of the local population, if they spent USD 12.6 million on correct disposal. Such an estimate, however, is not fully trackable, and it exposes the lack of transparency and data collection at the local level.

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