Evaluation of the conjunctival swab for canine visceral leishmaniasis diagnosis by PCR–hybridization in Minas Gerais State, Brazil

Ferreira, Sidney de Almeida; Ituassu, Leonardo Trindade; Melo, Maria Norma; Andrade, Antero Silva Ribeiro de

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.12.022

Cited by 72 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…DNA detection as it has been shown that they may be less, equally or even more sensitive when using blood instead of other biological samples (Reithinger et al, 2000;Lachaud et al, 2001;Strauss-Ayali et al, 2004;Manna et al, 2004;Francino et al, 2006;Ferreira et al, 2008;Manna et al, 2008;Leite et al, 2010;de Almeida Ferreira et al, 2012;Lombardo et al, 2012). lymph node, spleen, skin and conjunctiva are the tissues presenting the highest sensitivity for the molecular diagnosis of Leishmania spp infection (Tsokana et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular investigation and geographical distribution of Leishmania spp infection in stray and owned cats (Felis catus) in Thessaly, central Greece

Giannakopoulos

Tsokana

Papadopoulos

et al. 2018

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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In this study we aimed to determine the prevalence of Leishmania spp infection and to report the geographical distribution of Leishmania spp infected cats from Thessaly, central Greece, an endemic region for canine and human leishmaniosis. Blood samples were collected from a total of 150 cats (34 stray and 116 owned) from the area of Thessaly, i.e. Larissa (n=6), Volos (n=94), Trikala (n=30) and Karditsa (n=20). Data on signalment and living conditions were registered for each cat. The samples were tested by Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 nested PCR (ITS1 nested PCR). Geographical Information System (GIS) was used to define the geographical distribution of the Leishmania spp infected cats in relation to the land uses and the altitude. In total, 13.3% (95% CI: 8.3-19.8) of the sampled cats were found positive for Leishmania spp DNA. More precisely, the results are 12.8% (95% CI 6.8-21.2) in Volos, 20% (95% CI 6.8-21.2) in Trikala and 10% (95% CI 12-31.7) in Karditsa while none of the six cats examined from the region of Larissa was found PCR positive. The Leishmania spp infected cats were found in artificial surfaces and associated areas and in cultivated and managed areas with a mean altitude of 81,7 m above sea level (range 14 - 225 ± 51.57 SD). No significant correlation was found between Leishmania spp infection and signalment or living conditions, thus suggest ing that the infection is uniformly distributed among the screened feline population. The findings of this study along with the occurrence of competent vectors of Leishmania infantum in Thessaly, support the hypothesis that cats may serve as a reservoir for Leishmania spp in this region and highlight the need for surveillance in feline population and implementation of control measures. However, the epidemiological role of cats in the maintenance and transmission of Leishmania spp has yet to be defined and deserves further investigation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular investigation and geographical distribution of Leishmania spp infection in stray and owned cats (Felis catus) in Thessaly, central Greece

Giannakopoulos

Tsokana

Papadopoulos

et al. 2018

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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“…PCR is considered highly sensitive and specifi c, can be automated, and is applicable to different types of biological samples [28][29][30][31][32][33] . As previously noted 4 , in contrast to antibodybased assays, antigen-based methods such as PCR might become more relevant indicators of infection in the future, as these tests can still be used in vaccinated dogs that will test as antibody-positive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of parasitological examination, kDNA polymerase chain reaction and rK39-based immunochromatography for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in seropositive dogs from the screening-culling program in Brazil

Regina-Silva

Fortes-Dias

Michalsky

et al. 2014

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: Dogs play a primary role in the zoonotic cycle of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Therefore, the accurate diagnosis of infected dogs, primarily asymptomatic dogs, is crucial to the effi ciency of VL control programs. Methods: We investigated the agreement of four diagnostic tests for canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL): parasite detection, either after myeloculture or by direct microscopic examination of tissue imprints; kinetoplast-deoxyribonucleic acid-polymerase chain reaction (kDNA-PCR); and an immunochromatographic test (ICT). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an indirect immunofl uorescence test (IFAT), both of which were adopted as part of the screening-culling program in Brazil, were used as reference tests. Our sample set consisted of 44 seropositive dogs, 25 of which were clinically asymptomatic and 19 were symptomatic for CVL according to ELISA-IFAT. Results: The highest and lowest test co-positivities were observed for ICT (77.3%) and myeloculture (58.1%), respectively. When analyzed together, the overall percentage of co-positive tests was signifi cantly higher for the symptomatic group compared to the asymptomatic group. However, only ICT was signifi cantly different based on the results of a separate analysis per test for each group of dogs. The majority (93.8%) of animals exhibited at least one positive test result, with an average of 2.66 positive tests per dog. Half of the symptomatic dogs tested positive for all four tests administered. Conclusions:The variability between test results reinforces the need for more effi cient and reliable methods to accurately diagnose canine VL, particularly in asymptomatic animals.

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“…For instance, previous studies demonstrated sensitivity as high as 92% (5) , and 91.7% (10) . In addition, 90% sensitivity was achieved by hybridization, and 83.3% by nested PCR (2) .…”

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confidence: 97%

“…These results, however, were obtained from highly sensitive techniques. In particular, hybridization can enhance the sensitivity of PCR and verify results (10) . However, this technique requires more elaborate infrastructure to handle radioisotopes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Detection of canine visceral leishmaniasis by conjunctival swab PCR

Pereira

Benassi

Starke-Buzetti

et al. 2016

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction:Conjunctival swab PCR was evaluated as a tool to diagnose visceral leishmaniasis in dogs. Methods: Conjunctival swab PCR was compared to indirect immunofl uorescence antibody test and blood PCR. Results: Indirect immunofl uorescence was signifi cantly correlated with conjunctival swab PCR (p < 0.05), but not with blood PCR (p > 0.05). In addition, conjunctival swab PCR was signifi cantly associated with presence of clinical symptoms (p < 0.05), whereas blood PCR was associated with absence of clinical symptoms (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Results indicate that conjunctival swab PCR is useful in epidemiological surveys of canine visceral leishmaniasis.

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Evaluation of the conjunctival swab for canine visceral leishmaniasis diagnosis by PCR–hybridization in Minas Gerais State, Brazil

Cited by 72 publications

References 21 publications

Molecular investigation and geographical distribution of Leishmania spp infection in stray and owned cats (Felis catus) in Thessaly, central Greece

Molecular investigation and geographical distribution of Leishmania spp infection in stray and owned cats (Felis catus) in Thessaly, central Greece

Evaluation of parasitological examination, kDNA polymerase chain reaction and rK39-based immunochromatography for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in seropositive dogs from the screening-culling program in Brazil

Detection of canine visceral leishmaniasis by conjunctival swab PCR

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