Evaluation of the compressive strength of commercial sandcrete blocks produced in two metropolises of Delta State, Nigeria

Uguru, H.; Akpokodje, O. I.; Nyorere, O.; Agbi, G. G.

doi:10.31248/ajps2021.047

Cited by 8 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Table 8 depicted that; 51.83% of the respondents were tertiary institution graduates, 43.46% of the respondents had secondary school certificates, 4.19% of the respondents had primary school certificates, and 0.52% of the respondents had informal education. According to Akpokodje et al (2021), respondents with an average level of formal education and experience can provide reliable answers, which can be used to determine the quality of building materials used for building construction.…”

Section: Determining Why Substandard Materials Are Still Used In Resi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high influx of counterfeit materials into Nigeria is encouraged by the endemic corruption in the country and exacerbated by the very porous border. These factors make proper quality control and monitoring of materials sold and used within the country practically impossible (Agbi et al, 2020;Akpokodje et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though several researchers (Ezeagu et al, 2015;Akinyemi et al, 2016;Agbi et al, 2020;Akpokodje et al, 2021) have embarked on appraising the qualities of building materials utilized in Nigeria; not much is recorded in literatures, on the qualities of electrical wires used in Delta State, Nigeria, and the possible reasons people still patronized these substandard electrical wires. Therefore, this study is aimed at appraising the standards of electrical wires used for buildings wiring in Delta state, evaluating if they meet international standards, and if not, why property developers still use them for electrical wiring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating the quality of electrical wires used for residential building wiring in Delta State, Nigeria

Odoh¹,

Ebisine²,

Okieke³

2022

J. Engr. Inno. Appl.

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The utilization of counterfeit and substandard building materials for residential building construction had become a major concern, due to the hazards the occupants of those buildings are being subjected to. This research was carried out to appraise the quality of electrical wires used for residential building wiring in Delta State, Nigeria, and to also investigate the reasons why property developers still use these substandard materials despite the glaring negative consequences. Three commonly used electrical wire sizes (1.5, 2.5 and 4 mm2) for residential building electrical wiring were randomly selected within the Delta state, and their electrical properties (electrical resistance and electrical resistivity) and mechanical properties (area, tensile strength, and tensile strain) were determined following the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE 400), Nigeria Industrial Standard (NIS), and America Standard Testing Material (ASTM) International recommended procedures; also, well-structured questionnaires were administered to four groups of respondents. The findings indicated that the mechanical and electrical properties of most electrical wires, used for residential building wiring in Delta State failed to meet NIS standards. Across the five sampling locations, the mean electrical resistivity of the 1.5 mm2 wire ranged between 2.04±0.07x10-7 and 2.09±0.08x10-7 Ωmm, while the 2.5 mm2 wire's mean electrical resistivity varied from 1.90±0.06x10-7 to 1.97±0.13 x10-7 Ωmm, and the 4 mm2 wire’s mean electrical resistivity varied from 1.75±0.08 x10-7 to 1.87±0.06 x10-7 Ωmm. Also, across the five sampling locations, the mean tensile strength of the 1.5 mm2 wire ranged between 144.1 and 163.3 MPa, while the 2.5 mm2 wire's mean tensile strength varied from 163.2 to 177.4 MPa, and the 4 mm2 wire’s mean tensile strength varied from 169.4±20.6 to 185.4±17.2 MPa. Furthermore, the analysis of variance indicated that sampling location had no significant effect on the wires' mechanical and electrical properties (p≤0.05); portraying that this fraudulent practice is widespread across the state. The analysis of the questionnaire results confirmed that financial constraints and inappropriate actions of many building contractors were the major contributing factors to the utilization of substandard wires for residential building wiring in Nigeria. Based on this study's findings, it is recommended that standard regulatory agencies should step up their efforts against substandard building materials, to avoid its impending danger in Nigeria.

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Section: Determining Why Substandard Materials Are Still Used In Resi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evaluating the quality of electrical wires used for residential building wiring in Delta State, Nigeria

Odoh¹,

Ebisine²,

Okieke³

2022

J. Engr. Inno. Appl.

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“…For each compression test, a concrete cube was positioned in between the two platens of the machine, compressed axially at a low speed of 5 mm/s, until failure point was attained. The compressive strength of each tested cube was calculated using the expression given in equation 2 (Akpokodje et al, 2021).…”

Section: Compressive Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of organic enhancer on the mechanical properties of periwinkle shells concrete

Eboibi¹,

Akpokodje²,

Uguru³

2022

J. Engr. Inno. Appl.

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The utilization of green materials in engineering applications has become a necessity due to the negative environmental and health consequences of most synthetic materials. Enhancement of periwinkle shell concrete through corn starch treatment was investigated in this study. Twenty-five (25) sets of concrete were produced with various corn starch concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2%); and periwinkle shell quantities varying from 0 kg (0%) to 2 kg (20%) were used as a partial replacement for granite. All the concrete sets produced and their mechanical properties were determined in accordance with ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) International standards. Statistically, the results revealed that corn starch and periwinkle shells had a significant (p≤0.05) influence on the concrete mechanical properties. The slump results revealed that the periwinkle shell hindered the concrete’s workability, as the slump decreased non-linearly as the periwinkle shell substitution increased from 0% to 20% (per weight of the granite). Contrary, the corn starch enhanced the concrete workability, as the slump increased from 0.0 mm to 48.17 mm, as the corn starch concentration increased from 0% to 2%. Furthermore, it was observed that concretes incorporated with corn starch developed higher density, compared to the concrete produced without corn starch; while the concrete density declined non-linearly, as the periwinkle quantity increased from 0 to 2 kg. Regarding the compressive strength, findings revealed that the compressive strength of the concretes declined from 32.03 to 10 MPa, as the periwinkle shell substitution increased from 0 to 2 kg; though concretes treated (incorporated) with corn starch developed higher compressive strength, compared to the untreated concrete. The results indicated that the incorporation of corn starch as a workability enhancer; with smaller quantities of the periwinkle shell (5% - 15% as coarse aggregates) can be utilized to produce lightweight concrete for engineering applications.

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“…Altering the matrix -to -reinforcement material(s) ratio, to accommodate more reinforcement materials tends to increase the mechanical and electrical behaviours of most composites. When used in excess, reinforcement materials can result in composites with poorer mechanical and electrical properties due to weak bonding between the matrix and the reinforcement materials (Ayatollahi et al, 2011;Edafiadhe et al, 2019;Akpokodje et al, 2021).…”

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confidence: 99%

Research on the Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Conductive Epoxy Composite

Okieke

Odoh

Ebisine

et al. 2022

AIJNAS

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This paper reported on the possibility of using organic materials in the production of green epoxy conductive composites. Epoxy composite samples were produced through the hybridization of carbonized coconut fibre filler (CCS), raffia palm fibre (RPF), carbon black (CB), and carbon fibre (CF), using the simple hand lay-up technique. Then the electrical properties (electrical resistivity and electrical conductivity) and the mechanical properties (tensile strength) of the composite samples were tested accordingly, using the ASTM D6343 – 14, ASTM B193 and ASTM D 3039 approved methods. Results obtained from the laboratory tests revealed that both the CCS and RPF (organic materials) have significant influence on the mechanical and electrical properties of the composite samples. It was observed that the electrical conductivity of the composite samples increased (4.34x10-3 S/cm to 4.48x10-3 S/cm) as the CCS loading increased from 3% to 6% (by mass); before it started to decline after 9% (by mass) CCS loading, recording lowest conductivity of 9x10-4 S/cm at 15% CCS volume. The electrical resistivity of the composite samples was noted to decline from 2.90x107 Ωcm to 2.83x107 Ωcm as the CCS content in the composite increased from 3% to 6%, before it started to increase after 9% CCS quantity, with the S5 composite sample (15% CCS quantity) having the highest electrical resistivity of 3.80x107 Ωcm. Regarding the composite’s mechanical properties, the study depicted that the S1 composite sample had the highest tensile strength of 98.3 MPa, while the S5 composite developed the lowest tensile strength of 62.7 MPa, portraying that the CCS and RAF has a substantial effect on the composites samples’ tensile strength. This study’s results portrayed the possibility of producing lightweight, high-tensile strength conductive composite from organic waste materials, which can be utilized in several engineering applications.

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Evaluation of the compressive strength of commercial sandcrete blocks produced in two metropolises of Delta State, Nigeria

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Evaluating the quality of electrical wires used for residential building wiring in Delta State, Nigeria

Evaluating the quality of electrical wires used for residential building wiring in Delta State, Nigeria

Evaluation of organic enhancer on the mechanical properties of periwinkle shells concrete

Research on the Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Conductive Epoxy Composite

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