Evaluation of the Completeness and Timeliness of National Malaria Surveillance System in Qatar, 2016

Chehab, Mohamad; Bala, Mohamed; Selim, Nagah; Al-Romaihi, Hamad Eid; Al-Thani, Mohammed; Farag, Elmoubasher

doi:10.7759/cureus.2851

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In most cases the notification delay was divided into components with descriptive statistics provided for each component. Similar pattern was observed in more recent studies as well [ 14 – 18 ]. Instead of reporting the proportion of cases that meet and/or does not meet a specific time frame, we rather report the impact of notification delay on the parameters that define the occurrence of the disease.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…We apply epidemiological soundness criteria in combination with the Latent Influence Point Process (LIPP) [ 10 ] and time-to-event [ 11 ] models to estimate these relations by utilizing the disease occurrence, meteorological and human population mobility data. Unlike prior studies where the timeliness of the disease surveillance is measured by comparing the average notification delay and its components to predefined, standardized and/or disease specific timeframes [ 12 – 18 ], our methodology quantifies the timeliness by measuring the case fertility (whether a case leads to secondary cases) and reproduction (number of secondary cases per fertile case) as well as the outbreak size and generations (of the infection chain). While the traditional approach is important to identify the overall performance gaps, our approach goes a step further by measuring the impact of these gaps on the occurrence of the disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Timely surveillance and temporal calibration of disease response against human infectious diseases

et al. 2021

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Background Disease surveillance and response are critical components of epidemic preparedness. The disease response, in most cases, is a set of reactive measures that follow the outcomes of the disease surveillance. Hence, timely surveillance is a prerequisite for an effective response. Methodology/principal findings We apply epidemiological soundness criteria in combination with the Latent Influence Point Process and time-to-event models to construct a disease spread network. The network implicitly quantifies the fertility (whether a case leads to secondary cases) and reproduction (number of secondary cases per infectious case) of the cases as well as the size and generations (of the infection chain) of the outbreaks. We test our approach by applying it to historic dengue case data from Australia. Using the data, we empirically confirm that high morbidity relates positively with delay in disease response. Moreover, we identify what constitutes timely surveillance by applying various thresholds of disease response delay to the network and report their impact on case fertility, reproduction, number of generations and ultimately, outbreak size. We observe that enforcing a response delay threshold of 5 days leads to a large average reduction across all parameters (occurrence 87%, reproduction 83%, outbreak size 80% and outbreak generations 47%), whereas extending the threshold to 10 days, in comparison, significantly limits the effectiveness of the response actions. Lastly, we identify the components of the disease surveillance system that can be calibrated to achieve the identified thresholds. Conclusion We identify practically achievable, timely surveillance thresholds (on temporal scale) that lead to an effective response and identify how they can be satisfied. Our approach can be utilized to provide guidelines on spatially and demographically targeted resource allocation for public awareness campaigns as well as to improve diagnostic abilities and turn-around times for the doctors and laboratories involved.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timely surveillance and temporal calibration of disease response against human infectious diseases

et al. 2021

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“…The penjawi or pustu collects data every week at the health centers. Every Similar results in a study in the Solomon Islands found that lack of training and refresher [16][17][18] , high workload and lack of professional staff could lead to reporting delays 19 . Research in Uganda found an increase in the achievement of indicators for completeness of reports by training malaria officers 20 .…”

Section: Processsupporting

confidence: 60%

Analysis of the Electronic Implementation of A Malaria Surveillance Information System (E-SISMAL) in the Lahat District

et al. 2021

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Background: The requirement for malaria elimination to be recognized is to prove API lower than 1 per 1000 in the population, together with no indigenous case. Lahat Regency is an area of low-endemicity for malaria, where the target for elimination is projected for 2024. Since 2019, Lahat Regency has received socialization about E-SISMAL, which was developed as a web-based basis to speed up the reporting process. However, there are still delays in reporting malaria on E-SISMAL. Methods: Descriptive research with a qualitative approach was designed. The study subjects were the malaria person in charge, the head of seven selected community health centers (Puskesmas) and the Lahat District Health Office. Primary data came from observation, focus group discussion (FGD) and in-depth interviews with eighteen informants selected by the purposive sampling method. Results: The available inputs are inadequate, such as the human resource education was not up to standard, the internet network was not smooth, and there were no guidelines on E-SISMAL in the health centers. Malaria person in charge does not understand how to use E-SISMAL. In the process, there was the involvement of cross-sectoral and networked establishments. The output shows that the report indicators on E-SISMAL are not up to standard with less than 80%. Conclusions: The use of E-SISMAL in the Lahat district has not been maximized. It has an impact on delays in reporting. It is recommended that training and practice of E-SISMAL occur to improve officers' ability through socialization and that the Lahat Health Office establishes partnerships with telecommunications companies to ensure the smooth running of the network. Developing specific guidelines on E-SISMAL and a mobile phone-based malaria surveillance information system to speed up the malaria reporting process in the Lahat district is also advisable.

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“…The findings are similar to the completeness in Sierra Leone 91%, Ghana 96%, 25 , 28 contrary to the Qatar study, 47%. 29 Bear in mind that the completeness in the previous studies is for 1 disease, for example, malaria surveillance in Qatar, not overall system completeness. According to the benchmark standard target of performance of developing countries is 80% based on WHO and CDC guide for Africa( 30 ) the timeliness of reporting communicable diseases was under a standard (68.9%) in 2020 in the Kurdistan region, whereas completeness was reasonably high.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Assessment of Timeliness and Quality of Communicable Disease Surveillance System in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Hamalaw

Bayati

Babakir‐Mina

2021

INQUIRY

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Background The quality of the surveillance system can be defined by attributes such as completeness, timeliness, usefulness, simplicity, flexibility, acceptability, and reliability. This study aims to assess these quality features of the communicable disease surveillance system (CDSS) in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Methods This study was conducted using a retrospective review of records and documents, and the interviews with the surveillance staff (n = 82) of the Kurdistan governorates during 2018, 2019, and 2020. The World Health Organization (WHO) guideline 2006 indicators were used for evaluation and monitoring the quality of the communicable disease surveillance system. The data analyzed and showed as frequencies and percentages using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 software. Results The reporting timeliness declined from 98% in 2019 to 69% in 2020. At the same time, there was an improvement in completeness of reporting from 83% in 2018 to 99% in 2020. The total scores of other surveillance quality attributes, simplicity, usefulness, flexibility, acceptability, and reliability, were 75%, 72%, 67%, 72%, and 69%, respectively. Conclusion Current findings demonstrate that the CDSS is still facing significant challenges in timeliness simplicity, usefulness, flexibility, acceptability, and reliability. Further studies to assess the system’s quality, particularly the system’s timeliness of outbreak response, sensitivity, and specificity, are recommended.

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Evaluation of the Completeness and Timeliness of National Malaria Surveillance System in Qatar, 2016

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

Timely surveillance and temporal calibration of disease response against human infectious diseases

Timely surveillance and temporal calibration of disease response against human infectious diseases

Analysis of the Electronic Implementation of A Malaria Surveillance Information System (E-SISMAL) in the Lahat District

An Assessment of Timeliness and Quality of Communicable Disease Surveillance System in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq

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