Evaluation of the Chromatographic Performance of Conventional, Polar-Endcapped and Calixarene-Bonded Stationary Phases for the Separation of Water-Soluble Vitamins

Chamseddin, Chamseddin; Jira, Thomas

doi:10.1007/s10337-013-2417-7

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…However, different interaction mechanisms, such as inclusion, hydrogen-bond Fig. 6 Calix [4]arene-bonded silica stationary phases for separation of some water soluble vitamins [69] formation, p-p interactions, steric selectivity and ionic selectivity, were also thought to participate in the case of calixarene-derived stationary phase; whereas hydrophobicity was thought to be the main effect in the case of C18. Most of the proposed interaction mechanisms are in consistence with those proposed for p-tert-butyl-calix[4]-arene-1,2-crown-4 bonded silica towards some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, aromatic amines, benzoic acid and its derivatives being the test compounds [41].…”

Section: High Performance Liquid Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 96%

“…This group was thought to have a stabilizing effect for inclusion of some species [12]. (vi) The type of organic modifier in the mobile phase may influence retention interactions especially those based on p-p. For example, acetonitrile diminishes the degree of p-p interactions, and for this reason, methanol is preferred [69], especially if an extra-selectivity is needed. (vii) In application of calixarene-immobilized HPLC stationary phases, silica (and silica derivatives) is by far the most widely used support material.…”

Section: High Performance Liquid Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stationary phase behavior of 12 different 1,3-alternate calix [4]arene-silica bonded stationary phases was investigated [69]. Functional groups on the 1,3-alternate positions range from alkyl chains to substituted aromatic groups.…”

Section: High Performance Liquid Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Calixarene-engineered surfaces and separation science

Gezici

Bayrakcı

2015

J Incl Phenom Macrocycl Chem

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After their discovery, calixarenes have attracted the attention of many researchers from various disciplines. This group of supramolecules has an increasing popularity and this is most probably related with the flexibility of calixarene chemistry. Owing to their multifunctional character and stability, calixarenes became important precursors in separation science to derive new-type of sorbents or stationary phases. Immobilization of calixarenes to a suitable solid support (e.g. silica, synthetic polymers, magnetite nanoparticles, etc.) is a very popular concept being used for this purpose, and various immobilization methodologies have been proposed in the literature. In the present work, some state-of-the-art researches and developments published in the past are reviewed in a collective manner, and thus fundamentals of calixareneimmobilization and the application of the obtained materials in sorption and high performance liquid chromatography are represented.

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Section: High Performance Liquid Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: High Performance Liquid Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Calixarene-engineered surfaces and separation science

Gezici

Bayrakcı

2015

J Incl Phenom Macrocycl Chem

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“…To minimize Abbreviations: AIBN, azodiisobutyronitrile; MCPBA, m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid; ODS, octadecyl-bonded silica; TGA, thermal gravimetric analysis Confict of interest: The authors have declared no conflict of interest. this effect, some strategies could be taken, including the application of high-purity silica [4,5], silica coated with a polymeric layer [6], silica end-capped with short-chain polar alkyl silanes [7,8], and adjusting the mobile phase conditions that suppress analyte/silanol interactions [9]. On the other hand, dewetting phenomenon is well known for the traditional ODS [9], which restricts the application of the ODS in highly or pure aqueous conditions, thus making the ODS inefficient for some aqueous soluble or highly polar analytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simple approach to prepare a sulfone‐embedded stationary phase for HPLC

Liú

Qiao

Liu

et al. 2017

J of Separation Science

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In the present study, a polar-embedded reversed-phase liquid chromatographic stationary phase that contained internal sulfone groups was prepared. The synthesis involved the "thiol-ene" click chemistry between the vinyl functionalized silica and 1-octadecanethiol, followed by the oxidization of sulfide to sulfone groups. The resulting material simultaneously possessed the alkyl chain, i.e. C18, and the internal sulfone groups. Elemental analysis demonstrates that the element contents of the C18/sulfone silica were C 8.94%, H 1.87% and S 0.66%. Chromatographic evaluations indicate that the C18/sulfone stationary phase exhibited a little less retention than the C18/sulfide one. A comparable chromatographic performance of neutral analytes was obtained on these two columns, but much better chromatographic performance in the case of basic and acid analytes was obtained on C18/sulfone stationary phase with additional features such as lower silanol activity, better stability (stable working conditions of pH 1.0-10.0), and better compatibility with 100% aqueous mobile phases. The batch-to-batch reproducibility was acceptable (the RSDs of retention times for the probes were no higher than 1.73%), demonstrating the suitability of the applied synthetic strategy for the new stationary phase. The C18/sulfone is a promising polar-embedded RPLC stationary phase.

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“…Many new stationary phases and columns with a wide variety of functional groups have been developed exclusively for HILIC in recent years [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. Moreover, more than one retention mechanism and the capability to be operated in different LC modes have been demonstrated [36][37][38][39][40][41][42]. Li et al…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stationary Phase Based on β-Cyclodextrin and Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) for HILIC and RPLC

Zhu

Chen³

et al. 2015

Chromatographia

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highly polar and hydrophilic compounds are poorly retained on conventional reversed-phase stationary phases. Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC), as an increasingly important chromatographic mode, has been shown to be most useful for the analysis of highly polar and hydrophilic compounds [1][2][3][4][5]. It enjoyed nearly a decade of rapid growth in the early 2000s [6][7][8][9][10]. In HILIC, a mixture of water and a high percentage of organic modifiers (>65 %) is employed with a polar stationary phase [11][12][13][14][15]. Strongly polar compounds are sufficiently retained, for which HILIC offers different selectivity compared to the traditional RPLC [16][17][18]. Therefore, the analysis of highly hydrophilic and polar compounds by HILIC has been demonstrated as a powerful complementary approach to RPLC [19,20].Stationary phases for HILIC have received a lot of attention. Polar stationary phases are typically used to retain polar solutes in HILIC. In fact, most HILIC separations have been performed on normal phase columns commercially available mainly including bare-silica, amino-silica, cyano-and diol-silica, amide-silica, sulfoalkylbetaine bonded silica, carbohydrate-modified silica, triazol-bonded silica, and polymer-based monolithic columns [21][22][23][24][25][26]. Many new stationary phases and columns with a wide variety of functional groups have been developed exclusively for HILIC in recent years [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. Moreover, more than one retention mechanism and the capability to be operated in different LC modes have been demonstrated [36][37][38][39][40][41][42]. Li et al.[43] developed a new stationary phase that combined both hydrophilic interaction and per aqueous liquid chromatography characteristics. The new phase consisted of carbon nanoparticles immobilized on the surface of porous silica particles. Ma et al. [44] successfully synthesized novel pH-responsive polymer-grafted silica whose hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity changed with pH. Shen et al. [45] Abstract A new stationary phase based on β-cyclodextrin and Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) was prepared. The mass % of the polymer/100 g stationary phase was 23 %. Through investigating the effects of the acetonitrile (ACN) content of the mobile phase, the pH and the column temperature on the retention factor of polar and hydrophilic compounds in the ACN-rich mobile phase, it was found that the new stationary phase had the typical retention behavior of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC). Moreover, the retention of solutes in the mobile phase exhibited "U-shaped" curves, which was an indication of HILIC/reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) mixed-mode retention behavior. In addition, the separation of some hydrophilic and different polar compounds was achieved by using the new material in HILIC and RPLC modes, respectively.

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Evaluation of the Chromatographic Performance of Conventional, Polar-Endcapped and Calixarene-Bonded Stationary Phases for the Separation of Water-Soluble Vitamins

Cited by 16 publications

References 23 publications

Calixarene-engineered surfaces and separation science

Calixarene-engineered surfaces and separation science

A simple approach to prepare a sulfone‐embedded stationary phase for HPLC

Stationary Phase Based on β-Cyclodextrin and Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) for HILIC and RPLC

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