Evaluation of the CAR-FMI model against measurements near a major road

Kukkonen, Jaakko; Härkönen, Jari; Waldén, Jari; Karppinen, Ari; Lusa, Kaisa

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(00)00337-x

Cited by 75 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…These models have been addressed in detail by, e.g. Karppinen et al (2000a) and Kukkonen et al (2001). Both of these models are multiplesource Gaussian urban dispersion models.…”

Section: Dispersion Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refinement of a model for evaluating the population exposure in an urban area

et al. 2014

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Abstract. A mathematical model is presented for the determination of human exposure to ambient air pollution in an urban area; the model is a refined version of a previously developed mathematical model EXPAND (EXposure model for Particulate matter And Nitrogen oxiDes). The model combines predicted concentrations, information on people's activities and location of the population to evaluate the spatial and temporal variation of average exposure of the urban population to ambient air pollution in different microenvironments. The revisions of the modelling system containing the EXPAND model include improvements of the associated urban emission and dispersion modelling system, an improved treatment of the time use of population, and better treatment for the infiltration coefficients from outdoor to indoor air. The revised model version can also be used for estimating intake fractions for various pollutants, source categories and population subgroups. We present numerical results on annual spatial concentration, time activity and population exposures to PM 2.5 in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area and Helsinki for 2008 and 2009, respectively. Approximately 60 % of the total exposure occurred at home, 17 % at work, 4 % in traffic and 19 % in other microenvironments in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area. The population exposure originating from the long-range transported background concentrations was responsible for a major fraction, 86 %, of the total exposure in Helsinki. The largest local contributors were vehicular emissions (12 %) and shipping (2 %).

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“…These models have been addressed in detail by, e.g. Karppinen et al (2000a) and Kukkonen et al (2001). Both of these models are multiplesource Gaussian urban dispersion models.…”

Section: Dispersion Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refinement of a model for evaluating the population exposure in an urban area

et al. 2014

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“…The performance of the CAR-FMI model has previously been extensively evaluated both against the results of field measurement campaigns regarding NO x , NO 2 and O 3 (e.g. Kukkonen et al, 2001), PM 2.5 (Tiitta et al, 2002), and the data of urban concentration monitoring networks (e.g., Karppinen et al, 2000b;Kousa et al, 2001). The aerosol dynamics model MONO32 is a box model, which includes gas-phase chemistry and aerosol dynamics, and can be applied under clear sky conditions.…”

Section: Atmospheric Dispersion and Aerosol Dynamics Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and modelling of the size fractionated aerosol particle number concentration measurements nearby a major road in Helsinki – Part I: Modelling results within the LIPIKA project

et al. 2007

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Abstract.A field measurement campaign was conducted near a major road "Itäväylä" in an urban area in Helsinki in 17-20 February 2003. Aerosol measurements were conducted using a mobile laboratory "Sniffer" at various distances from the road, and at an urban background location. Measurements included particle size distribution in the size range of 7 nm-10 µm (aerodynamic diameter) by the Electrical Low Pressure Impactor (ELPI) and in the size range of 3-50 nm (mobility diameter) by Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS), total number concentration of particles larger than 3 nm detected by an ultrafine condensation particle counter (UCPC), temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, driving route of the mobile laboratory, and traffic density on the studied road. In this study, we have compared measured concentration data with the predictions of the road network dispersion model CAR-FMI used in combination with an aerosol process model MONO32. For model comparison purposes, one of the cases was additionally computed using the aerosol process model UHMA, combined with the CAR-FMI model. The vehicular exhaust emissions, and atmospheric dispersion and transformation of fine and ultrafine particles was evaluated within the distance scale of 200 m (corresponding to a time scale of a couple of minutes). We computed the temporal evolution of the number concentrations, size distributions and chemical compositions of various particle size classes. The atmospheric dilution rate of particles is obtained from the roadside dispersion model CAR-FMI. Considering the evoCorrespondence to: M. A. Pohjola (mia.pohjola@fmi.fi) lution of total number concentration, dilution was shown to be the most important process. The influence of coagulation and condensation on the number concentrations of particle size modes was found to be negligible on this distance scale. Condensation was found to affect the evolution of particle diameter in the two smallest particle modes. The assumed value of the concentration of condensable organic vapour of 10 12 molecules cm −3 was shown to be in a disagreement with the measured particle size evolution, while the modelling runs with the concentration of condensable organic vapour of 10 9 -10 10 molecules cm −3 resulted in particle sizes that were closest to the measured values.

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“…Global and regional models use gridded emissions data to calculate transport and chemistry over global or regional modelling domains, such as EMEP MSC-W (EMEP, Simpson et al, 2012) used in this study, CAMx (Ramboll Environment and Health, 2016), CMAQ (Byun and Schere, 2006) and WRF-Chem (Grell et al, 2005). Models on a smaller scale apply detailed transport and fast chemistry processes to individual sources, such as ADMS-Urban (Owen et al, 2000) also used in this study, the US EPA model AER-MOD (Cimorelli et al, 2004) and CAR-FMI (Kukkonen et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air quality simulations for London using a coupled regional-to-local modelling system

et al. 2018

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Abstract. A coupled regional-to-local modelling system comprising a regional chemistry-climate model with 5 km horizontal resolution (EMEP4UK) and an urban dispersion and chemistry model with explicit road source emissions (ADMS-Urban) has been used to simulate air quality in 2012 across London. The study makes use of emission factors for NO x and NO 2 and non-exhaust emission rates of PM 10 and PM 2.5 which have been adjusted compared to standard factors to reflect real-world emissions, with increases in total emissions of around 30 % for these species. The performance of the coupled model and each of the two component models is assessed against measurements from background and near-road sites in London using a range of metrics concerning annual averages, high hourly average concentrations and diurnal cycles. The regional model shows good performance compared to measurements for background sites for these metrics, but under-predicts concentrations of all pollutants except O 3 at near-road sites due to the low resolution of input emissions and calculations. The coupled model shows good performance at both background and near-road sites, which is broadly comparable with that of the urban model that uses measured concentrations as regional background, except for PM 2.5 where the under-prediction of the regional model causes the coupled model to also under-predict concentrations. Using the coupled model, it is estimated that 13 % of the area of London exceeded the EU limit value of 40 µg m −3 for annual average NO 2 in 2012, whilst areas of exceedances of the annual average limit values of 40 and 25 µg m −3 for PM 10 and PM 2.5 respectively were negligible.

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Evaluation of the CAR-FMI model against measurements near a major road

Cited by 75 publications

References 6 publications

Refinement of a model for evaluating the population exposure in an urban area

Refinement of a model for evaluating the population exposure in an urban area

Evaluation and modelling of the size fractionated aerosol particle number concentration measurements nearby a major road in Helsinki – Part I: Modelling results within the LIPIKA project

Air quality simulations for London using a coupled regional-to-local modelling system

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