Evaluation of the bond strengths of restorative materials to primary tooth dentin treated with different pulpotomy techniques

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of different pulpotomy techniques on the primary tooth dentin and to evaluate the effects of these pulpotomy methods on the shear bond strength of restorative materials to primary tooth dentin.Two hundred and forty dentin specimens were distributed randomly to the study groups as; control, ferric sulphate, Biodentine ® , Nd:YAG laser, photobiomodulation, and atmospheric pressure cold plasma (APCP). After the application of pulpotomy methods, samples were again randomly divided to two restorative materials (glass hybrid and composite resin) (n = 20) and shear bond strength (SBS) test was performed. Then, 12 new dentin specimens were prepared for all groups for surface analysis. Surface examination (n = 12) and fracture analyses (n = 240) were carried out with scanning electron microscope (SEM). Statistical significance range was accepted as α <.05 for all data. A statistically significant difference was obtained among all study groups for glass hybrid material as well as composite material (p <.05). While the highest mean SBS value was obtained with Nd:YAG laser (7.58 ± 0.60 MPa), the lowest value was observed with Biodentine ® (6.70 ± 0.91 MPa; p = .001) for glass hybrid material. For composite material, the highest mean SBS value was calculated for Nd:YAG laser (13.79 ± 1.24 MPa), while the lowest value was obtained with ferric sulphate (10.17 ± 1.45 MPa; p = .001). Fracture modes were mainly adhesive and mixed type according to SEM analysis. Moreover, morphological changes were observed with SEM on the dentin surfaces of ferric sulphate, Biodentine ® and Nd:YAG laser. Within the limitations of this study, Nd:YAG laser increased the shear bond strength values in groups of composite resin. Research HighlightsIn this article, we report the results of the shear bonding strength test of two restorative materials (glass-hybrid vs. composite resin) to primary tooth dentin following the application of five different pulpotomy techniques (ferric sulfate, Biodentine ® , Nd:YAG laser, photobiomodulation, and atmospheric pressure cold plasma) were reported. This article will contribute to the literature that there are considerably limited researches concerning the bond strength of glass hybrid to primary dentin and also atmospheric pressure cold plasma in pulpotomies. The SEM examination

SEM Studies Assessing the Efficacy of Laser Treatment for Primary Teeth: A Systematic Review

“…There is also a significant difference between the sample sizes used in the different experiments and their preparation in nonuniform conditions. In the analyzed (24) articles, the smallest present sample size was 8 [26] and the largest 240 teeth [36]. The articles included varied in utilized laser irradiation (type of laser, power, frequency etc.)…”

“…This systematic review includes studies evaluating the effectiveness of laser treatment of primary teeth in which researchers analyzed data using SEM. Thirteen articles [2,13,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] assessed the influence of the Er:YAG laser, six [15,[27][28][29][30][31] assessed the Er,Cr:YSGG laser, and five [32][33][34][35][36] assessed the Nd:YAG laser. Two of the articles [22,23] analyzed SEM images of both enamel and dentin, twelve [2,13,16,17,20,21,24,26,27,30,35,36] analyzed dentin images only, and ten [15,18,19,25,28,29,[31][32][33][34] solely images of the enamel surface.…”

“…Thirteen articles [2,13,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] assessed the influence of the Er:YAG laser, six [15,[27][28][29][30][31] assessed the Er,Cr:YSGG laser, and five [32][33][34][35][36] assessed the Nd:YAG laser. Two of the articles [22,23] analyzed SEM images of both enamel and dentin, twelve [2,13,16,17,20,21,24,26,27,30,35,36] analyzed dentin images only, and ten [15,18,19,25,28,29,[31][32][33][34] solely images of the enamel surface. Among other assessed parameters were shear bond strength in six articles [17,<...…”

“…Two of the articles [22,23] analyzed SEM images of both enamel and dentin, twelve [2,13,16,17,20,21,24,26,27,30,35,36] analyzed dentin images only, and ten [15,18,19,25,28,29,[31][32][33][34] solely images of the enamel surface. Among other assessed parameters were shear bond strength in six articles [17,21,[23][24][25]36] and microleakage in three articles [13,27,31]. Two articles each examined hybrid layer thickness [27,30], remineralization of enamel [28,33], and thermal effects on the pulp [22,29].…”

“…Treating the enamel surface with Nd:YAG [32][33][34][35][36], Er,Cr:YSGG [15,28,29,31], or Er:YAG [18,19,22,23,25] lasers results in a rough, irregular surface, cracks, craters, and ablation areas in the tissue. This is supported by the findings of Ulusoy et al [15], Yilmaz et al [28], Almaz et al [29], Asl-Aminabadi et al [33], Kahvecioglu et al [18], Teutle-Coyotecatl et al [19], Al-Batayneh et al [22], Memarpour et al [23], Banda et al [34], Wanderley et al [25], and Arslan et al [31].…”