Evaluation of the Biological Effects of Lyophilized Hydrophilic Extract of Rhus coriaria on Myeloperoxidase (MPO) Activity, Wound Healing, and Microbial Infections of Skin Wound Tissues

Abstract

Impaired wound healing was mainly associated with severe microbial infections which significantly affect diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Thus, in this study, the potential wound healing activity, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activity of an aqueous extract of Rhus coriaria extract (AERc) were evaluated by wound contraction, scar formation, period of epithelization, MPO enzyme activity, collagenase-2 (MMP-8), hydroxyproline (HPX), and collagen deposition as markers of wound healing at different days of postwound. Phytoconstituents, microbial activity, and fibrogenic markers were screened by HPLC, disc-diffusion, and colorimetric assays. The animals were treated with Rhus coriaria extract (AERc) concentrations at doses of 5 mg.kg−1and 10 mg.kg−1, respectively. On days 6 and 9, the AERc-treated animals at doses of 5 mg.mL−1 and 10 mg.mL−1 exhibited a significant reduction in the wound area, increased deposition of collagen, HPX, and reduction in MMP-8, and MPO enzyme activity when compared with controls. Scar formation and epithelization were completed in 10 days compared to controls. In addition, in wounds infected separately with Staph. aureus or P. aeruginosa, the AERc extract significantly improved wound contraction, deposition of collagen, and HPx and reduced MMP-8 and MPO concentrations, with complete epithelization of wounds in 10-13 days compared to the saline-treated group. Hydrolyzable tannins, gallic acid, quercetin, and myricetin were the most common active components of AERc. In vitro, the AERc and its components were effective against a set of microbes especially Staph. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and Staph. aureus (MRSA). In conclusion, the results showed that antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity of Rhus coriaria extract suggested its importance as a target for formulation of novel drugs against many microbial infections with minimal side effects and could play a good potential role in accelerating wound healing activity via promoting myofibroblast activity, increase of hydroxyproline and collagen deposition, and regulation of MMP-8 and MPO enzyme activities.

Polydeoxyribonucleotide-delivering therapeutic hydrogel for diabetic wound healing

“…8C) showed a decreasing trend from approximately 53% to 28% and from approximately 55% to 35% for the saline-injected group and Alg-PDRN-treated group, respectively. Both markers, which are closely related to inflammatory responses 48,49 , were suppressed for the Alg-PDRNtreated group because the recovery of the wound had proceeded further than for the other groups, as indicated by the cellularity data in Fig. 8B.…”

Pharmacological and Antioxidant Activities of Rhus coriaria L. (Sumac)

“…Indeed, sumac-treated rats at concentrations of 5 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL showed a significant wound healing at day 6 and 10 post-wounding associated with increased deposition of collagen, hydroxyproline, reduction of MMP-8, and MPO enzyme activity. The authors suggest that the improved healing process might be due to the anti-inflammatory activity of sumac fruit extract [ 61 ]. Macerated ethanol and ethanol-water fruit extracts of Rhus coriaria were shown to significantly downregulate in vitro, in HaCaT keratinocyte cells, the level of TNF-α- stimulated IL-8 through inhibition of the NFκB signaling pathway [ 123 ].…”

By-Products of Agri-Food Industry as Tannin-Rich Sources: A Review of Tannins’ Biological Activities and Their Potential for Valorization

“…Different in vivo and in vitro experiments supported the antimicrobial activity of the R. coriaria extract. Indeed, animals with wounds infected with Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed a slight delay in the healing process, reaching similar markers between the 10th and 13th day of treatment [ 86 ]. Hence, as described in this work, the healing activity of tannins exerts not just a cicatrizing effect but also an antimicrobial effect, which is crucial since wounds often get infected.…”