Evaluation of the biological activity of Moringa oleifera leaves extract after incorporating silver nanoparticles, in vitro study

Abstract

Background: Moringa oleifera is rich in various active phyto-constituents (tannins, sterols, terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, anthraquinones, alkaloids, and vitamins) in addition to different minerals in its leaves and seeds. Presence of these constituents is responsible for the antioxidant activity and the ability to protect against oxidative damage. Based on measurements of the cytotoxic activities, M. oleifera leaves were found to be more effective than the plant seeds. Therefore, the plant leaves were selected for preparation of silver plant nano-extract during the present study. Methods: The silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were synthesized then characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. Moreover, the in vitro antioxidants were assayed in M. oleifera leaves extract before and after incorporating Ag-NPs through measurement of total polyphenolic compounds and scavenging activities against free radicals in addition to the cytotoxic activity against growth of human colon carcinoma. Furthermore, the phenolic compounds were detected by gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer (GC/MS) and fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Also, the median lethal dose (LD 50) of the extract and nano-extract was evaluated. Results: It was showed that incorporation of Ag-NPs into the M. oleifera leaves extract enhanced the total antioxidant capacity, concentration of total polyphenolic compounds, reducing power and scavenging activity against attack of free radicals in addition to increasing the cytotoxicity against growth of colon cancer cells. This might be related to increasing the phenolic compounds as a result of incorporation of Ag-NPs and detected by the GC/MS and FT-IR analysis. It was found that there was no wide gap in the LD 50 between M. oleifera leaves extract and silver nano-extract. The LD 50 values of the M. oleifera leaves extract and silver nano-extract were about 14,250 and 13,750 mg/Kg, respectively. Conclusion: The study revealed that incorporation of Ag-NPs into the M. oleifera extract enhanced the in vitro antioxidative efficiency and might be related to increasing the phenolic compounds.

Evaluation of the Biological Efficiency of Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesized Using Croton tiglium L. Seeds Extract against Azoxymethane Induced Colon Cancer in Rats

“…Due to presence of phenolic compounds that are considered as part of a complex defense mechanism against wide range of stressors, they accumulate in response to these deleterious factors (Kumazawa et al, 2002). These phenolic compounds are well known as good antioxidant agents due to their capability of singlet oxygen-quenching and radical scavenging activity and incorporation of Ag-NPs into the extract increased the antioxidant efficiency (Mitiku and Yilma, 2017;Shousha et al, 2019). Herein, treatment with nano-extract protected the colonic cells from damage and dysfunction that induced by oxidative stress.…”

“…The extract is rich in the croton alkaloid and diterpenoids that have been found to inhibit cell proliferation or induce programmed cell death to control the growth of malignant cells (Thuong et al, 2014). Concentrations of these phyto-constituents increased after incorporating Ag-NPs (Aboulthana and Sayed, 2018;Aboulthana et al, 2019;Shousha et al, 2019). Consequently, the cytotoxic efficiency of nano-extract against growth of human colon cancer cells increased in comparison with the crude ones.…”

“…iv) Electrophoretic isoenzymes (zymography): Non-denatured PAGE is used for detecting the enzyme activity through identification of the enzyme subunits. Firstly, electrophoretic catalase pattern (CAT) and Electrophoretic peroxidase (POX) pattern were assayed for native gel after electrophoretic run by incubating with H 2 O 2 as substrate then stained.The stained CAT subunits appeared as yellow bands in the gel (Gregory and Fridovich, 1974 ;Siciliano and Shaw, 1976). While, the stained POX subunits appeared as brown bands in the gel (Rescigno et al, 1997).…”

“…Incorporation of M-NPs into polymeric matrices showed valuable properties in many practical applications (Rozenberg and Tenne, 2008). The plant extracts with M-NPs increased the total phenolic compounds and exhibited good antioxidant activity at lower concentrations (Johnson et al, 2014 ;Shousha et al, 2019). Therefore, it showed a higher antioxidant and antimicrobial activity as compared to plant extract solely (Abdel-Aziz et al, 2014).…”

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“…Moringa oleifera possess the tremendous activity and potentials against cancer 44 , cardiovascular diseases 45 diabetes 46 , antioxidant 47 antimicrobial 48, and other 49 . Iron nanoparticles synthesized using Moringa oleifera fruit and leave aqueous extract were investigated for their antibacterial against S. aureus and B. subtilis, which resulted in the zone of inhibition of 15 mm showing antimicrobial potentials of Moringa.…”