Evaluation of the Biochemical Stress Response to Chlorpyrifos in Tissues of the Edible Crab Barytelphusa guerini: Withdrawal of Exposure Improves the Nutritional Value

Abstract

The sublethal stress of the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos was investigated in different tissues of the freshwater crab (Barytelphusa guerini). Crabs were exposed to 1/3 of LC50 concentrations for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. After 28 days, they were released into fresh water and kept for 18 days for recovery. The study was conducted by estimating total proteins, amino acids, ammonia, urea, and glutamine levels, and protease, transaminases, and phosphatases activities. Total proteins level was decreased whereas amino acids and ammonia were increased. The urea content was decreased in all tissues and glutamine exhibited a mixed response. Protease activities and those of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase, respectively, were elevated. Acid phosphatase activity was reduced in hepatopancreas and brain and induced in gills and muscle. Alkaline phosphatase activity was enhanced in gills and hepatopancreas and reduced in muscle and brain. The crabs recovered from the biochemical stress caused by chlorpyrifos after their release into fresh water

In vivo DNA damage in gill, haemolymph and muscle cells of whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei on exposure to organophosphorus pesticide

“…Furthermore, the 48 h LC 50 value of 19 mg l -1 and 96 h LC 50 value of 1.46 mg l -1 have been reported with juveniles of L. vannamei following exposure to 2 OP pesticides, fenitrothion (Lignot et al 1998) and methamidophos (García-de la Parra et al 2006), respectively. On the basis of the observation made in the present study (96 h LC 50 , 1.44 µg l -1 ) and previously reported results (Galindo-Reyes et al 1996, Ali et al 2009, Kumar et al 2010, Narra et al 2013, Samajdar & Mandal 2015, it may be concluded that L. vannamei juveniles are highly sensitive to CPF pesticide toxicity.…”

“…A significantly marked decrement in protein content (28−42%) in juveniles of L. vannamei on exposure to 4 organochlorine pesticides has been reported by Galindo-Reyes et al (1996). A progressive depletion in total protein content in gills, muscles, hepatopancreas and brain on exposure (28 DoE) to SL concentrations of CPF has been documented by Narra et al (2013). Furthermore, significant alterations in major biochemical constituents in the penaeid shrimp Metapenaeus monoceros on exposure to SL doses of endosulfan pesticide has also been reported (Suryavanshi et al 2009).…”

“…Such wide variability in the acute ecotoxicity indices for various non-target aquatic The acute toxicity study (96 h LC 50 ) is an important tool to assess the toxic tolerance range of particular species to xenobiotic compounds. LC 50 values of CPF to Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles observed in this study (2.18, 1.98, 1.80 and 1.44 µg l -1 at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, respectively) are much lower than previously reported laboratory-derived acute toxicity indices of pesticides containing CPF for other fish and crustacean species, such as the freshwater fish Channa punctatus (811.98 µg l -1 ) (Ali et al 2009) and Labeo bata (106.94 µg l -1 ) (Samajdar & Mandal 2015), freshwater shrimp Paratya australiensis (0.004 µg l -1 ) (Kumar et al 2010), penaeid shrimp Penaeus monodon (59.16 nmol l -1 ) (Eamkamon et al 2012) and freshwater crab Barytelphusa guerini (0.21 ppm) (Narra et al 2013). During the present study, the results of acute toxicity testing indicated that CPF is highly toxic to juveniles of L. vannamei, as reflected in the very low 96 h LC 50 value of 1.44 µg l -1 .…”