Evaluation of the associations between changes in intraocular pressure and metabolic syndrome parameters: a retrospective cohort study in Japan

Yokomichi, Hiroshi; Kashiwagi, Kenji; Kitamura, Kazuyoshi; Yoda, Yoshioki; Tsuji, Masahiro; Mochizuki, M.; Sato, Mitsuaki; Shinohara, Ryoji; Mizorogi, Sonoko; Suzuki, Kohta; Yamagata, Zentaro

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010360

Cited by 31 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…26 In a cross-sectional analysis of all baseline participants of this cohort, 27 age was found to be negatively associated with IOP after adjusting for age and gender, but no longer significantly associated with IOP in the fully adjusted model. [15][16][17] In the current longitudinal analysis, IOP at the 10-year follow-up visit was significantly higher than IOP at baseline, though the difference was small. [15][16][17] In the current longitudinal analysis, IOP at the 10-year follow-up visit was significantly higher than IOP at baseline, though the difference was small.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…17,28 Higher BP may increase IOP in a physiological way by increasing capillary pressure and choroidal volume. 17,28 Higher BP may increase IOP in a physiological way by increasing capillary pressure and choroidal volume.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Greater central corneal thickness (CCT), 15,16 blood pressure (BP) 17,18 and body mass index (BMI) 18,19 were reported to be associated with a higher IOP. Greater central corneal thickness (CCT), 15,16 blood pressure (BP) 17,18 and body mass index (BMI) 18,19 were reported to be associated with a higher IOP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ten‐year changes of intraocular pressure in adults: the Liwan Eye Study

Han

Zhao

et al. 2018

Clinical Exper Ophthalmology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ten‐year changes of intraocular pressure in adults: the Liwan Eye Study

Han

Zhao

et al. 2018

Clinical Exper Ophthalmology

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“…8,9 Clinically, beyond the simple snapshot association, 10 a recent large retrospective study demonstrated a significant longitudinal relationship between cholesterol levels and intraocular pressure. 11 However more well-designed clinical studies to explore the role of hyperlipidemia and collaborative basic research are warranted. Such studies will provide a rationale for cooperative care of patients by ophthalmologists and metabolic physicians.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Meta-Analysis of Glaucoma Risk in Hyperlipidemic Individuals: A Critical Problem in Design

Hwang

Lee

Bae

2016

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Because glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible visual impairment and is usually undetectable until advanced stages, 1 investigations on modifiable factors associated with glaucoma risk are warranted. The recent article by McCann et al., 2 which reported on a meta-analysis of observational studies evaluating the effects of statins on glaucoma, demonstrated that ''shortterm statin use is associated with a reduced incidence of glaucoma.'' This is, to our knowledge, the first comprehensive review of statin use and glaucoma risk, but its implication would be limited because it is uncertain whether hyperlipidemia itself increases the risk of developing glaucoma.We conducted a meta-analysis focused on studies that investigated the association between hyperlipidemia and glaucoma following the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. A systematic literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library was performed independently by two investigators. The search terms were ''lipid-related,'' ''glaucoma related,'' and ''outcomerelated.'' The inclusion criteria were obviously defined exposure to lipid abnormalities, reported glaucoma incidence, and reported relative risk or odds ratio. Through a rigorous searching process ( Supplementary Fig. S1), three relevant studies 3-5 were included in the final analysis (Supplementary Table S1). Pooled odds ratios demonstrated that hyperlipidemia did not increase the incidence of glaucoma (relative risk, 1.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73-2.68; Fig.); there was no evidence of publication bias (Egger's test, P for bias ¼ 0.370).In our analysis, all of the included studies did not refine the effects of hyperlipidemia from those of lipid-lowering drugs (i.e., mixed results as a metabolic component or not considered a drug effect; this may have contributed to the high heterogeneity). This flaw was also the same in the study of McCann et al.2 If the opposite directions in these two metaanalyses are true, the effect sizes would be underestimated in both studies. To understand the role of lipid dysregulation and its control of glaucoma risk, a clear definition of case (hyperlipidemic individuals not taking lipid-lowering drugs) and control groups in the cohort or case-control studies, if not the randomized controlled trials, must be done. In addition, a tight connection to other metabolic abnormalities (e.g., hypertension, type 2 diabetes, or obesity) 6 should be considered when designing a study and/or analyzing the data.Apart from the indirect hypothesis of statin's neuroprotective action, 7 there have been very few basic research studies indicating that lipid abnormalities alone increase intraocular pressure or the risk of glaucoma. A plausible mechanism is that excess intraorbital fat and increased blood viscosity in obesity, usually clustered with lipid abnormalities, may disturb the aqueous outflow capacity, which consequently increases the intraocular pressure. 8,9 Clinically, beyond the simple snapshot association, 10 a recent l...

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“…11,18 Our results support the findings of many studies that have demonstrated that blood pressure is one of the components of MS and is positively associated with IOP. [7][8][9]19 Further they reported blood pressure is the one strongest predictor of elevated IOP. Several studies explained the relationship between systemic hypertension and rise in IOP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between components of metabolic syndrome and elevated intraocular pressure

Krishnamoorthy

Kaliaperumal

et al. 2017

Int J Res Med Sci

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Background: Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases which result in damage to the optic nerve and ultimately vision loss. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) remains as the one major known risk factor for both the development and progression of glaucoma. Metabolic syndrome (MS) have been found to relate to elevated IOP. The aim of the study is to examine the association between MS and IOP by comparing central corneal thicknesses (CCT).Methods: The study was carried out with 169 subjects consists of 94 were clinically diagnosed MS patients and 75 are healthy controls. Serum fasting glucose, triglyceride and HDL cholesterol levels were measured, and waist circumference, body mass index and blood pressure of all patients were recorded. Ophthalmological examinations, including IOP and CCT measurements were done on everyone.Results: Higher IOP was observed in subjects with MS than those without MS. There was significant difference in the CCT values between the groups with and without MS (p<0.05). Most of the MS components were associated with IOP and CCT (p<0.05).Conclusions: The study concludes that components of MS have strong association with IOP and CCT. The prevalence of MS is increasing rapidly in developing countries and the main cause for MS is sedentary lifestyle. Since there is relationship between MS and IOP, lifestyle intervention might have therapeutic potential to reduce IOP. Further studies are warranted to bring about the possible underlying relationship between components of MS and IOP.

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Evaluation of the associations between changes in intraocular pressure and metabolic syndrome parameters: a retrospective cohort study in Japan

Cited by 31 publications

References 62 publications

Ten‐year changes of intraocular pressure in adults: the Liwan Eye Study

Ten‐year changes of intraocular pressure in adults: the Liwan Eye Study

A Meta-Analysis of Glaucoma Risk in Hyperlipidemic Individuals: A Critical Problem in Design

Association between components of metabolic syndrome and elevated intraocular pressure

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