“…Most of the constituents have been reported as bioactive compounds with antioxidant effect and thus protective against oxidative stressrelated diseases (Khallouki, Haubner, Erben, Ulrich, & Owen, 2012;Kono et al, 1997;Nakatani et al, 2000;Niggeweg, Michael, & Martin, 2004;Xia et al, 2010;Yan et al, 2014). Other beneficial effects of the compounds were also reported as follows: anti-osteoporosis (Yan et al, 2014), anticancer (Jeong, Moon, Park, & Shin, 2006;Kasai, Fukada, Yamaizumi, Sugie, & Mori, 2000), antiplasmodial (Verotta et al, 2001), antidiabetic (Ong, Hsu, & Tan, 2013), anti-lipidaemic (Ong et al, 2013), antiinflammatory (Santos, Almeida, Lopes, & Souza, 2006), antipyretic (Santos et al, 2006), hypoglycaemic effects (Nicasio, Auilar-Santamaria, Aranda, Ortiz, & Gonzalez, 2005), detoxifying enzyme activity (Feng et al, 2005), and improvement of insulin sensitivity (Sotillo & Hadley, 2002). Four out of eight constituents we identified in PME were isomers of CGA such as cis-NeoCGA, NeoCGA, and 3-feruloylquinic acid (methyl ester CGA).…”