Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Melanogenesis Inhibitory Properties of Pracparatum Mungo (Lu-Do Huang)

Abstract

Pracparatum mungo (Lu-Do Huang) is a traditional Chinese functional medicine made from the natural fermentation of mung bean (Lǜ Dòu) mixed with other Chinese medicines. It has been recognized as having liver protecting and detoxifying effects. As mung beans have been verified to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antipyretic, and whitening actions, the present research utilized the in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo experimental models to investigate the antioxidant and melanin inhibiting effects of P. mungo on the skin. The in vitro experiment revealed that P. mungo methanol extract (PMME) and P. mungo ethanol extract (PMEE) possess the capacity to clear α,α-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and inhibit tyrosinase activity. The ex vivo experiment indicated that PMEE can promote the growth of MDCK cells and increase the enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase in MDCK cells. On the other hand, PMME and PMEE can suppress the proliferation of A375 cells, and PMEE can reduce the enzymatic activities of SOD and catalase in A375 cells. The in vivo results showed that P. mungo can enhance the enzymatic performance of SOD, Catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the liver. The results also showed that P. mungo has antioxidant characteristics and can inhibit tyrosinase activity, thereby promoting the growth of skin tissues and suppressing the proliferation of A375 cells, and thus enhancing the effects that the antioxidant enzymatic performance has on the liver. These results can be applied in the development of tyrosinase inhibitors or antioxidants used for the inhibition of melanin biosynthesis or for auto-oxidation in further industrial applications, particularly those relating to functional food or cosmetic compositions.

Strategies for the utilization of the USDA mung bean germplasm collection for breeding outcomes

“…Mung bean starch is considered highly suitable in food diets, including for diabetic and diabetic‐prone populations (Yao, Chen, Wang, Wang, & Ren, 2008). Mung bean has established health benefits; for example, it mitigates hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension; prevents melanogenesis; and supports hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory processes (Dai et al., 2014; Ganesan & Xu, 2018; Hou et al., 2019; Hsu, Lu, Chang, & Hsu, 2011; Kao et al., 2013; Tang, Dong, Ren, Li, & He, 2014; Yeap et al., 2012). Early‐maturing mung bean crop will give farmers an advantage over corn and soybean, so that farm resources can be used judiciously.…”

High Therapeutic and Esthetic Properties of Extracellular Vesicles Produced from the Stem Cells and Their Spheroids Cultured from Ocular Surgery-Derived Waste Orbicularis Oculi Muscle Tissues

“…For instance, previous reports have demonstrated the implication of high ROS generation and depletion of antioxidant factors in the overproduction of melanin [ 107 ]. Moreover, several reports have revealed the application of antioxidant agents for the treatment of high melanin-mediated hyperpigmentation [ 108 , 109 ]. Here, we demonstrated the antioxidant activity of OOM-SC-EVs, and therefore, we could postulate the role of OOM-SC-EV-related antioxidant activity in melanogenesis inhibition, which needs further investigation.…”

Modulating skin colour: role of the thioredoxin and glutathione systems in regulating melanogenesis

“…A decrease in catalase activity makes lightly pigmented cells less efficient in scavenging ROS and therefore cells are more susceptible to UV damage [57]. SOD, CAT and GPx are the first line defence antioxidant enzymes [58], and the alterations of their activities have consequences for melanogenesis [59][60][61]. Vitamin C is widely used as a whitening agent because of its inhibitory effect on melanogenesis.…”