Evaluation of the antioxidant activity and capacity of some natural N 6 -substituted adenine derivatives (cytokinins) by fluorimetric and spectrophotometric assays

Brizzolari, Andrea; Marinello, Cristina; Carini, Marina; Santaniello, Enzo; Biondi, Pier Antonio

doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.12.047

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…All the others had detectable capacity except BAP . These results confirm previous findings that iP , p T , K can act as direct radical scavengers, but conflict with previously reported activity of BAP in the ORAC test [ 20 , 21 ]. To conclude, these compounds have potential in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases associated with increased oxidative stress [ 29 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

“…More importantly, in this context, they have shown neuroprotective effects in models related to neurodegenerative diseases such as familial PD, proteasome inhibitor MG 132-induced or H 2 O 2 -induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells [ 17 ], Glu-induced oxidative damage of HT22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cells [ 18 ], and the PC12 cell model of Huntington’s disease [ 19 ]. Other studies indicate that CKs’ protective activities involve both direct [ 20 , 21 ] and indirect [ 15 , 16 , 22 ] modulation of cellular redox systems. In addition to CKs’ characteristic antioxidant activities, they reportedly have regulatory effects in mitochondria that enhance neuronal viability [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytokinin Plant Hormones Have Neuroprotective Activity in In Vitro Models of Parkinson’s Disease

et al. 2021

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Cytokinins are adenine-based phytohormones that regulate key processes in plants, such as cell division and differentiation, root and shoot growth, apical dominance, branching, and seed germination. In preliminary studies, they have also shown protective activities against human neurodegenerative diseases. To extend knowledge of the protection (protective activity) they offer, we investigated activities of natural cytokinins against salsolinol (SAL)-induced toxicity (a Parkinson’s disease model) and glutamate (Glu)-induced death of neuron-like dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells. We found that kinetin-3-glucoside, cis-zeatin riboside, and N6-isopentenyladenosine were active in the SAL-induced PD model. In addition, trans-, cis-zeatin, and kinetin along with the iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO) and the necroptosis inhibitor necrostatin 1 (NEC-1) significantly reduced cell death rates in the Glu-induced model. Lactate dehydrogenase assays revealed that the cytokinins provided lower neuroprotective activity than DFO and NEC-1. Moreover, they reduced apoptotic caspase-3/7 activities less strongly than DFO. However, the cytokinins had very similar effects to DFO and NEC-1 on superoxide radical production. Overall, they showed protective activity in the SAL-induced model of parkinsonian neuronal cell death and Glu-induced model of oxidative damage mainly by reduction of oxidative stress.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokinin Plant Hormones Have Neuroprotective Activity in In Vitro Models of Parkinson’s Disease

et al. 2021

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“…CKs are also effective in delaying the breakdown of chlorophyll, suggesting that they may play a role in maintaining the photosynthetic apparatus of plants [5]. Many of the biological activities of CKs in plants can be explained by their involvement in cellular oxidative stress, and the antioxidant capacity of these molecules has already been described [12]. Leaf senescence is accompanied by a gradual decline in antioxidants and an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and content of malondialdehyde (a decomposition product of lipid peroxidation) in certain plants [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Cytokinins in Senescence, Antioxidant Defence and Photosynthesis

Hönig

Plíhalová

Husičková

et al. 2018

IJMS

155

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Cytokinins modulate a number of important developmental processes, including the last phase of leaf development, known as senescence, which is associated with chlorophyll breakdown, photosynthetic apparatus disintegration and oxidative damage. There is ample evidence that cytokinins can slow down all these senescence-accompanying changes. Here, we review relationships between the various mechanisms of action of these regulatory molecules. We highlight their connection to photosynthesis, the pivotal process that generates assimilates, however may also lead to oxidative damage. Thus, we also focus on cytokinin induction of protective responses against oxidative damage. Activation of antioxidative enzymes in senescing tissues is described as well as changes in the levels of naturally occurring antioxidative compounds, such as phenolic acids and flavonoids, in plant explants. The main goal of this review is to show how the biological activities of cytokinins may be related to their chemical structure. New links between molecular aspects of natural cytokinins and their synthetic derivatives with antisenescent properties are described. Structural motifs in cytokinin molecules that may explain why these molecules play such a significant regulatory role are outlined.

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“…The enhancing effects of 6-O-methylguanine in combination with ROS, produced by lung epithelial cells 29 or by resident microbes 30 , could produce compounds toxic for epithelial cells to enhance colonization and/or favor Bp towards other bacterial species competing for the same niche. Indeed, Bp could be protected from the bacterial clearance associated with an increased level of ROS 29 by the cytokinin kinetin produced by BP0547, which reduces generation of ROS and induces a raise in the activity of the antioxidant protection systems 31–34 . The latter confirms a relation of LOGs and their products with oxidative stress in agreement with M. tuberculosis , where the over expression of MtLOG led to an accumulation of cytokinin degradation products which, interacting with NO, are toxic for the bacteria 15 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A LONELY GUY protein of Bordetella pertussis with unique features is related to oxidative stress

Moramarco

Pezzicoli

Salvini

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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The Gram-negative bacterium B. pertussis is the causative agent of whooping cough. This infection is re-emerging and new features related to Bordetella pathogenesis and microbiology could be relevant to defeat it. Therefore, we focused our attention on BP1253, a predicted exported protein from B. pertussis erroneously classified as lysine decarboxylase. We showed that BP1253 shares the highly conserved motif PGGxGTxxE and the key catalytic amino-acid residues with newly structurally characterized “LONELY GUY” (LOG) proteins. Biochemical studies have confirmed that this protein functions as a cytokinin-activating enzyme since it cleaves the N-glycosidic linkage between the base and the ribose, leading to the formation of free bases, which are the active form of plant hormones called cytokinins. Remarkably, BP1253 selectively binds monophosphate nucleotides such as AMP, GMP and CMP, showing a wider variety in binding capacity compared to other LOGs. Cytokinin production studies performed with B. pertussis have revealed 6-O-methylguanine to be the physiological product of BP1253 in agreement with the higher activity of the enzyme towards GMP. 6-O-methylguanine is likely to be responsible for the increased sensitivity of B. pertussis to oxidative stress. Although BP1253 has a primary sequence resembling the hexameric type-II LOGs, the dimeric state and the presence of specific amino-acids suggests that BP1253 can be classified as a novel type-II LOG. The discovery of a LOG along with its product 6-O-methylguanine in the human pathogen B. pertussis may lead to the discovery of unexplored functions of LOGs, broadening their role beyond plants.

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Evaluation of the antioxidant activity and capacity of some natural N 6 -substituted adenine derivatives (cytokinins) by fluorimetric and spectrophotometric assays

Cited by 16 publications

References 16 publications

Cytokinin Plant Hormones Have Neuroprotective Activity in In Vitro Models of Parkinson’s Disease

Cytokinin Plant Hormones Have Neuroprotective Activity in In Vitro Models of Parkinson’s Disease

Role of Cytokinins in Senescence, Antioxidant Defence and Photosynthesis

A LONELY GUY protein of Bordetella pertussis with unique features is related to oxidative stress

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