Evaluation of the antimicrobial potential of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament

Stevens, R. H.; Grossman, Louis I.

doi:10.1016/s0099-2399(83)80187-3

Cited by 111 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…10,19,20,33,[53][54][55][56] A saturated calcium hydroxide solution has been shown to be unable to kill E. faecalis in the presence of dentine, hydroxyapatite and bovine serum albumin. 57 The alkaline environment created by the calcium hydroxide in the dentine may also interfere with the resorptive activity of dentinoclasts which require an acid environment to achieve mineral dissolution.…”

Section: (A) Calcium Hydroxidementioning

confidence: 99%

The use of calcium hydroxide, antibiotics and biocides as antimicrobial medicaments in endodontics

Athanassiadis

Abbott

Walsh

2007

Australian Dental Journal

299

278

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Bacteria have been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of pulp and periapical diseases. The primary aim of endodontic treatment is to remove as many bacteria as possible from the root canal system and then to create an environment in which any remaining organisms cannot survive. This can only be achieved through the use of a combination of aseptic treatment techniques, chemomechanical preparation of the root canal, antimicrobial irrigating solutions and intracanal medicaments. The choice of which intracanal medicament to use is dependent on having an accurate diagnosis of the condition being treated, as well as a thorough knowledge of the type of organisms likely to be involved and their mechanisms of growth and survival. Since the disease is likely to have been caused by the presence of bacteria within the root canal, the use of an antimicrobial agent is essential. Many medicaments have been used in an attempt to achieve the above aims but no single preparation has been found to be completely predictable or effective. Commonly used medicaments include calcium hydroxide, antibiotics, non-phenolic biocides, phenolic biocides and iodine compounds. Each has advantages and disadvantages, and further research is required to determine which is best suited for root canal infections.Key words: Endodontics, bacteria, antimicrobial, medicaments.Abbreviations and acronyms: Ca(OH) 2 = calcium hydroxide; CFU = colony forming units; CHX = chlorhexidine; CMP = camphorated monochlorophenol; CP = camphorated phenol; IPI = iodine potassium iodide; LPS = lipopolysaccharide; NaOCI = sodium hypochlorite; PEG = polyethyleneglycol; PMCP = paramonochlorophenol; QAC = quaternary ammonium compounds.

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Section: (A) Calcium Hydroxidementioning

confidence: 99%

The use of calcium hydroxide, antibiotics and biocides as antimicrobial medicaments in endodontics

Athanassiadis

Abbott

Walsh

2007

Australian Dental Journal

299

278

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“…However, E. faecaLis has been reported to be ineffectively killed using Ca(OHh in root canals (17,36). In fact, Molander and associates (1998) suggested that the use of an intra.canal dressing directed specifically toward the anaerobic segment of the microbial brought about a suitable environment for the enterococcal growth (37).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurance of enterococci in root canals and in the immediate clinical environment

Aziz

Baharin

Spratt

et al. 2009

ADUM

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This study aimed to detect the presence of enterococci in the root canals of untreated and treated teeth with periapical disease and to compare this to their presence in the saliva and in the immediate surgical environment during root canal treatment.Using an aseptic technique, 33 samples were obtained from 27 untreated and 6 previously treated teeth associated with apical periodontitis. Reduced Transport Fluid (RTF) was used as transport medium. Saliva samples and areas in the surgical environment were also sampled. These were performed prior to chemo-mechanical debrjdement and obturation for every case. The saliva was diluted to 10-J and was plated on Bile Aesculin Azide (BEA) agar whereas the rest of the samples were plated on Bile Aesculin (BE) agar. These plates were then incubated aerobically at 37°C for 48 hours. All the colony types that blackened the agar were sub-cultured to obtain pure isolates and tested on 6.5% sodium chloride (NaCI). Growth on this medium was Gram stained for further confirmation of cell morphology. Gram positive cocci isolated from previous positive test were identified as enterococci. Enterococci were recovered from untreated cases only; from 2 teeth (in 2 patients) prior to chemo-mechanical debridement, from 3 teeth (in 3 patients) prior to obturation and I from saliva sample. A 'total of 5 samples from 5 different patients were positive for enteroco·cci. Sampling in the immediate surgical environment revealed a low occurence in the range of3.0% (1/33) to 15_2% (5/33). In conclusion, the occurence of enterococci in patients and the immediate surgical environment was low number.

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“…They both can survive in a harsh environment. Especially, E. faecalis is able to survive longer than seven days without any nutrient 10) . E. faecalis is also a common single isolate from the canals of the refractory cases 9) .…”

Section: ⅳ Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial activity of eight root canal sealers before and after setting

Fang

Lee

Lai

2002

J Korean Acad Conserv Dent

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Evaluation of the antimicrobial potential of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament

Cited by 111 publications

References 2 publications

The use of calcium hydroxide, antibiotics and biocides as antimicrobial medicaments in endodontics

The use of calcium hydroxide, antibiotics and biocides as antimicrobial medicaments in endodontics

Occurance of enterococci in root canals and in the immediate clinical environment

Antimicrobial activity of eight root canal sealers before and after setting

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