Evaluation of the actions aimed at the transition to sustainable public transport system

Abstract

The twentieth century, which became a period of unprecedented growth of cities and urbanization, revealed the need of mankind to develop and implement the principles of sustainable development. Possible ways to shift to sustainable transport system (such as the use of alternative fuel and transition to public and non-motorized modes of transport) are discussed in this article. The objective of this publication is to assess efficiency of such methods’ implementation on the example of the concrete city. Authors have suggested to change the bus route network, the structure of the bus fleet on the routes and to replace public transport buses by the new ones run on methane. To check these suggestions, authors have built the new one transport model and have simulated three cases: the existing route network and bus fleet’s structure, the proposed new one route network with buses run on diesel fuel and the proposed new one route network with buses run on methane. To evaluate efficiency, authors have assessed economic efficiency, positive social effect, environmental friendliness and sustainability of the urban transport system. Economic efficiency is achieved by reducing overruns and fuel costs thanks to the use of buses run on methane. The social effect is in the reduction of: 1) the delivery time by the route network optimization, 2) the likelihood of traffic jams, and 3) the downtime of buses at the bus stops. Since congestions increase pollutant emissions, route network optimization reduces negative impact on the environment. Replacing public transport buses by the new ones run on methane gives the same positive effect. To assess sustainability of the urban transport city is the most difficult task. The authors have identified indicators and used the radar map to compare possible solutions.

Analysis of Passenger Behaviour During the Covid-19 Pandemic Situation

“…We suggest the correlation between the coronavirus fear and the reduction of travel time. Overcrowding in the vehicle and travel time are two critical factors that determine preferences for personal transport in public transport [27,28]. The results demonstrate that preferred means of transport (passenger transport behaviour) affects the importance rate of all factors.…”

“…In particular, the frequency of trips made by public transport users, who typically make "< 1 trip per week" and "5 or more trips per week", was important for pre-travel information-seeking behaviour. [28] For the selected factors described by the Likert scale, we used an ordinal variable for the degree of importance and a nominal variable for the most preferred means of transport, including walking for commuting to work or school, using the Kruskal-Wallis test.…”

The Micromobility Tendencies of People and Their Transport Behavior

“…Thus, it is a concept that represents a complex approach to the functioning of the urban region, which affects various social areas, such as culture, infrastructure, environment, energy, social services, and others. In each of these areas, interconnected goals create a system based on the principles of sustainable development [6]. The fulfillment of these set goals relies on the active involvement of public administration, the private sector, and the civil society entities within the system.…”

“…Sci. 2023, 13, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 16 interconnected goals create a system based on the principles of sustainable development [6]. The fulfillment of these set goals relies on the active involvement of public administration, the private sector, and the civil society entities within the system.…”