Evaluation of tetrodotoxins in puffer fish caught along the Mediterranean coast of Spain. Toxin profile of Lagocephalus sceleratus

Rambla-Alegre, Maria; Reverté, Laia; Río, Vanessa del; Iglesia, Pablo de la; Palacios, Òscar; Flores, Cintia; Caixach, Josep; Campbell, Katrina; Elliott, Christopher T.; Izquierdo, Andrés; Campàs, Mònica; Diogène, Jorge

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2017.05.031

Cited by 55 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The replacement of dithiols by cysteamine for the SAM formation allowed decreasing the required time and cost, while maintaining the sensitivity of the previously reported mELISA (LOD of 2 ng/mL). Storage at -20 and 4 °C of the TTX immobilization up to at least 3 months, provided ready-to-use microtiter plates, enabling a user to perform the assay in less than 2 h. Additionally, as proven by the absence of interferences from PSP toxins and Arg, the mELISA is highly selective for TTX, and certainly TTX analogues, as demonstrated in our previous work [33,40,41,44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Development and validation of a maleimide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of tetrodotoxin in oysters and mussels

Reverté

Rambla-Alegre

Leonardo

et al. 2018

Talanta

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The recent detection of tetrodotoxins (TTXs) in puffer fish and shellfish in Europe highlights the necessity to monitor the levels of TTXs in seafood by rapid, specific, sensitive and reliable methods in order to protect human consumers. A previous immunoassay for TTX detection in puffer fish, based on the use of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) for the immobilization of TTX on maleimide plates (mELISA), has been modified and adapted to the analysis of oyster and mussel samples. Changing dithiol for cysteamine-based SAMs enabled reductions in the assay time and cost, while maintaining the sensitivity of the assay. The mELISA showed high selectivity for TTX since the antibody did not cross-react with co-occurring paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins and no interferences were observed from arginine (Arg). Moreover, TTX-coated maleimide plates stored for 3 months at -20°C and 4°C were stable, thus when pre-prepared, the time to perform the assay is reduced. When analyzing shellfish samples, matrix effects and toxin recovery values strongly depended on the shellfish type and the sample treatment. Blank oyster extracts could be directly analyzed without solid-phase extraction (SPE) clean-up, whereas blank mussel extracts showed strong matrix effects and SPE and subsequent solvent evaporation were required for removal. However, the SPE clean-up and evaporation resulted in toxin loss. Toxin recovery values were taken as correction factors (CFs) and were applied to the quantification of TTX contents in the analysis of naturally-contaminated shellfish samples by mELISA. The lowest effective limits of detection (eLODs) were about 20 and 50µg/kg for oyster extracts without and with SPE clean-up, respectively, and about 30µg/kg for mussel extracts with both protocols, all of them substantially below the eLOD attained in the previous mELISA for puffer fish (230µg/kg). Analysis of naturally-contaminated samples by mELISA and comparison with LC-MS/MS quantifications demonstrated the viability of the approach. This mELISA is a selective and sensitive tool for the rapid detection of TTX in oyster and mussel samples showing promise to be implemented in routine monitoring programs to protect human health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Development and validation of a maleimide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of tetrodotoxin in oysters and mussels

Reverté

Rambla-Alegre

Leonardo

et al. 2018

Talanta

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“…During the last few years, an increasing number of reports have described the presence of TTX in shellfish and gastropods captured in European waters [1,5,9,10,13,14,21]. A recent study on the occurrence of TTX in the Netherlands reported TTX concentrations of 253 µg TTX/kg in oysters and 101 µg TTX/kg in mussels [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The toxin is produced by endosymbiotic bacteria including Vibrio sp., Pseudomonas sp., Photobacterium sp., Aeromonas sp., Alteromonas sp., Bacillus sp., Micrococcus sp., Acinetobacter sp., and Moraxela sp. [1], linked to the presence of Prorocentrum minimum [2], and also described in many species of pufferfish and gastropods [3,4,5,6]. Initially, TTX was associated with marine food intoxications mainly in Japan and Asia [7], but nowadays it has been reported in several European countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic In Vivo Effects of Repeated Exposure to Low Oral Doses of Tetrodotoxin: Preliminary Evidence of Nephrotoxicity and Cardiotoxicity

Boente-Juncal

Vale

Cifuentes

et al. 2019

Toxins

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Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is one of the most potent naturally occurring neurotoxins. InitiallyTTX was associated with human food intoxications in Japan, but nowadays, concerns about thehuman health risks posed by TTX have increased in Europe after the identification of the toxin infish, marine gastropods, and bivalves captured in European waters. Even when TTX monitoring isnot currently performed in Europe, an acute oral no observable effect level (NOAEL) of 75 μg/kghas been recently established but, to date, no studies evaluating the chronic oral toxicity of TTXhave been released, even when EFSA has highlighted the need for them. Thus, in this work, thechronic effects of low oral TTX doses (below the acute lethal dose 50) were evaluated followinginternationally adopted guidelines. The results presented here demonstrate that low oral doses ofTTX have deleterious effects on renal and cardiac tissues. Moreover, alterations in bloodbiochemistry parameters, urine production, and urinalysis data were already detected at the oraldose of 75 μg/kg after the 28 days exposure. Thus, the data presented here constitute an initialapproach for the chronic evaluation of the in vivo toxicity of tetrodotoxin after its ingestion throughcontaminated fishery products.

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“…This means that the Silver-cheeked Toadfish accumulates TTX as a biological defense agent with time as it matures. Accordingly, the larger samples seem to be more poisonous than smaller ones (Ahasan et al 2004;Noguchi and Arakawa 2008;Saoudi et al 2008;Arakawa et al 2010 andRambla-Alegre et al 2017). Another way to interpret such surprising results is the fact that TTX of the Silver-cheeked Toadfish concentrates mainly in the gonads and liver and to a lesser extent in the skin, muscles and other organs.…”

Section: Dialogue On and Uncertainty Of The Toxicity Of The Silver-chmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the occurrence and health risks of the Silver-cheeked Toadfish (Lagocephalus sceleratus Gmelin, 1789) in the marine ecosystem of the Gaza Strip, Palestine

Rabou

Fattah²

2019

Biodiversitas

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Abstract. Abd Rabou AFN. 2019. On the occurrence and health risks of the Silver-cheeked Toadfish (Lagocephalus sceleratus Gmelin, 1789) in the marine ecosystem of the Gaza Strip, Palestine. Biodiversitas 20: 2620-2627. The Silver-cheeked Toadfish (Lagocephalus sceleratus Gmelin, 1789) is one of the most recent invaders into the Mediterranean Sea. It represents a serious ecological risk to Mediterranean biodiversity and fisheries resources and a health risk to public health. The current study comes to handle the occurrence and health risks of the species in the Eastern Mediterranean of the Gaza Strip, Palestine. Frequent visits to local fish markets, meetings, and discussions with stakeholders, and chasing of local media reports were the main tools involved to satisfy the goals of the study, which extended from 2010 to 2019. The first record of the Silver-cheeked Toadfish in the Mediterranean coast of the Gaza Strip was in 2006 as claimed by fisheries parties. The by-catch of the species by fishing gear extended over the entire length of the Mediterranean coast of the Gaza Strip (42 km). The species was said to damage fishing nets, lines and hooks by its strong teeth. Prior to its banning in early 2010s, all pufferfishes including the species in question were sold freely in Gaza fish markets. Several cases of hospitalization have been reported in the Gaza Strip after consumption of the Silver-cheeked Toadfish. The symptoms of TTX intoxication included nausea and vomiting, dizziness, headache, abdominal pain, perioral paraesthesia, and tingling over the entire body. No death cases were reported locally. Many awareness campaigns have been conducted by fisheries parties to warn both fishermen and local people from the ecological and health risks associated with the Silver-cheeked Toadfish and TTX intoxication. Finally, the threats imposed by the Silver-cheeked Toadfish on the Eastern Mediterranean countries including Palestine indicate that potential solutions to the problem should be explored.

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Evaluation of tetrodotoxins in puffer fish caught along the Mediterranean coast of Spain. Toxin profile of Lagocephalus sceleratus

Cited by 55 publications

References 31 publications

Development and validation of a maleimide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of tetrodotoxin in oysters and mussels

Development and validation of a maleimide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of tetrodotoxin in oysters and mussels

Chronic In Vivo Effects of Repeated Exposure to Low Oral Doses of Tetrodotoxin: Preliminary Evidence of Nephrotoxicity and Cardiotoxicity

On the occurrence and health risks of the Silver-cheeked Toadfish (Lagocephalus sceleratus Gmelin, 1789) in the marine ecosystem of the Gaza Strip, Palestine

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