Evaluation of testicular torsion in rats by using the Superb Microvascular Imaging Ultrasound technique comparison with Power Doppler Ultrasound and Color Doppler Ultrasound techniques

Abstract

Aim: Testicular torsion is a surgical emergency. This study aims to evaluate the superiorities of Power Doppler Imaging, Color Doppler Imaging, and Superb Microvascular Imaging to each other in the diagnosis of testicular torsion in rats. Material and methods:This study included thirty pubertal, 26-30 days old Wistar-Albino male rats weighing 210-262 g. Rats were randomized to 5 groups, including group Asham, group B-orchiectomy after one hour of torsion, group C-orchiectomy after two hours of torsion, group D-orchiectomy after three hours of torsion, group E-orchiectomy after four hours of torsion. All the rats were followed with Power Doppler Imaging, Color Doppler Imaging, and Superb Microvascular Imaging before torsion, but also group B was done the three ultrasound techniques after torsion's first hour, group C was done ultrasound after torsion's first and second hours, group D was done ultrasound after the first, second and third hours of torsion, group E was done ultrasound after the first, second, third and fourth hours of torsion. Ultrasound scanning was performed for all rats by the same doctor using a 7-18 MHz linear probe (Aplio 500, Toshiba Medical System Compony, Tokyo, Japan). The images were assessed with regard to the degree of vascularity and the presence of artifacts. Histologic examination was performed at the designated conclusion of each hour.Results: Superb Microvascular Imaging had higher staging scores in the torsioned testicles compared to Color Doppler Imaging and Power Doppler Imaging, without a statistical significant difference. After 4-hour ischemia, all three methods gave the same scores. When looking at histopathological staging, a statistical significant difference was found between 1-hour ischemia and 2, 3, and 4-hours ischemia durations. No statistical significant difference was found in histopathological staging performed after 2, 3, and 4-hour ischemia. All three devices were found to be compatible with each other for each hour. Conclusions:Comparing Superb Microvascular Imaging used to detect testicular torsion, with Power Doppler Imaging and Color Doppler Imaging; all three techniques were found as effective and safe diagnostic methods.