Evaluation of techniques for establishing sedge meadow vegetation

Bremholm, Tony

doi:10.31274/rtd-180813-8113

Cited by 6 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Some seed was collected specifically for this project. Details about the provenance of various seed lots used can be found in Bremholm (1993). Although it would have been preferable to have used seed or seedlings of the same Carex spp.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Attempts to establish sedge meadows from seed in wetland creation projects in the Midwest have often been unsuccessful (Nugteren 1991, Bremholm 1993. For example, at the Des Plaines River Wetland Demonstration Sites in northern Illinois, no Carex species, and very few other sedge-meadow species, were found when seed mixes were used in a sedge-meadow creation project (Bremholm 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, at the Des Plaines River Wetland Demonstration Sites in northern Illinois, no Carex species, and very few other sedge-meadow species, were found when seed mixes were used in a sedge-meadow creation project (Bremholm 1993). Although 41 species were recruited, only 4 were sedge-meadow species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One field study of recruitment from seed with various soil amendments was conducted in the field using commercial seed mixtures of sedgemeadow species. Seedling growth studies under both greenhouse and field conditions were conducted only with Carex stricta, the most common sedge in sedge meadows in northern Illinois (Bremholm 1993). The overall purpose of these studies was to determine the major impediments for using seed to establish sedgemeadow species, especially Carex species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The restoration of sedge meadows: seed viability, seed germination requirements, and seedling growth ofCarex species

1999

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To better understand how to establish Carex species from seed in created and restored wetlands, a series of experimental studies was conducted on Carex seed and seedlings. These studies included (1) the effect of seed age (1 to 18 months after collection) on viability and germination, (2) storage conditions (+4, -4 or +4/-4°C; wet or dry) on seed germination, (3) soil moisture on seed germination, and (4) soil amendments (fertilizer, topsoil, and compost) on seedling recruitment and growth. Seeds of Carex species of several provenances would not germinate to any appreciable extent once they were more than six months old. For Carex aquatilis, germination could be increased by storing its seed at either 4°C or -4°C. For Carex Iacustris and Carex stricta, seed germination decreased significantly, by about 50 to 100% in all 8 storage treatments. Germination of Carex stipata seed was highest in 1 cm of standing water, and its seed did not germinate in the driest soil moisture treatment. Carex stricta seed germination was not affected very much by soil moistures. No Carex spp. were recruited from seed in any of the field soil-amendment treatment plots. In both the greenhouse and field, the addition of compost, topsoil, and fertilizer increased the growth of Carex stricta. In a greenhouse study, above ground, below ground, and total dry mass increased linearly with the percent compost added. Our results suggest that the probability of establishing Carex spp. from seed in created and restored wetlands in the Upper Midwest would be maximized by using fresh seed, preferably seed produced earlier in the same growing season; by keeping soil moisture levels as high as possible; and by raising the soil's organic matter content, if need be, through the use of suitable soil amendments to levels found in natural sedge meadows.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The restoration of sedge meadows: seed viability, seed germination requirements, and seedling growth ofCarex species

1999

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“…For projects where environmental conditions, especially soils, or disturbance regimes are very different from those in extant wetlands, local genotypes may not be a good choice (Lessica and Allendorf 1999). For example, Bremholm (1993) found that it was impossible to establish Carex spp. in a created wetland because of the site's coarse soils.…”

Section: Biological Site Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restoration of Wetland Environments: Lessons and Successes

Valk

Arnold²

2009

The Wetlands Handbook

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Time-resolved in situ studies on the formation mechanism of iron oxide nanoparticles using combined fast-XANES and SAXS

et al. 2015

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The reaction of iron chlorides with an alkaline reagent is one of the most prominent methods for the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles. We studied the particle formation mechanism using triethanolamine as reactant and stabilizing agent. In situ fast-X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering provide information on the oxidation state and the structural information at the same time. In situ data were complemented by ex situ transmission electron microscopy, wide-angle X-ray scattering and Raman analysis of the formed nanoparticles. The formation of maghemite nanoparticles (gamma-Fe2O3) from ferric and ferrous chloride was investigated. Prior to the formation of these nanoparticles, the formation and conversion of intermediate phases (akaganeite, iron(II, III) hydroxides) was observed which undergoes a morphological and structural collapse. The thus formed small magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4) grow further and convert to maghemite with increasing reaction time

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Evaluation of techniques for establishing sedge meadow vegetation

Cited by 6 publications

References 74 publications

The restoration of sedge meadows: seed viability, seed germination requirements, and seedling growth ofCarex species

The restoration of sedge meadows: seed viability, seed germination requirements, and seedling growth ofCarex species

Restoration of Wetland Environments: Lessons and Successes

Time-resolved in situ studies on the formation mechanism of iron oxide nanoparticles using combined fast-XANES and SAXS

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