Evaluation of tannery effluent content in Kano metropolis, Kano State Nigeria

Bernard, Emmanuel; Ogunleye, Adepeju

doi:10.5897/ijps2014.4240

Cited by 9 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 9 publications

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“…The state's capital and largest city is Kano, Nigeria's second most populous city after Lagos. Kano state borders Katsina State to the northwest, Jigawa state to the northeast, Bauchi state to the southeast, and Kaduna state to the southwest [13]. The Hausa and Fulani make up most of the Kano state's population.…”

Section: Study Locationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perception of Consumers, Stakeholders, and Policy Makers on NAFDAC Anti-counterfeit Technologies and Interventions Regarding Counterfeit Drugs in Nigeria

Olaniran

2023

TIJAR

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Counterfeiting medicines is a global phenomenon affecting developed and less developed countries. The World Health Organization, in its report, describes counterfeit medicines as becoming “a global public health crisis. This study examines consumers, stakeholders, and policymakers' perceptions of NAFDAC anti-counterfeit technologies and interventions regarding counterfeit drugs in Nigeria. This study uses a qualitative research method to examine consumers, stakeholders, and policymakers' perceptions of NAFDAC anti-counterfeit technologies and interventions regarding counterfeit drugs in Nigeria. Participants were selected using convenience sampling, and data was collected through an online interview. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Stakeholders emphasised the importance of NAFDAC having a comprehensive anti-counterfeiting strategy and implementing measures such as checking for NAFDAC registration numbers, inspecting packaging, and requesting seller receipts to identify genuine medicines. Policymakers at NAFDAC acknowledge the seriousness of the problem and recognise the roles of stakeholders in implementing anti-counterfeiting interventions. They emphasise the need for effective communication, engagement, and collaboration with healthcare professionals. Consumers express concerns about the accessibility to good quality medicines and the prevalence of substandard and counterfeit drugs. However, consumers also demonstrate a willingness to support NAFDAC's efforts and show a preference for quality medicines, which is a positive indicator for the Nigerian pharmaceutical industry. The findings underscore the importance of continuous efforts to raise awareness and implement effective anti-counterfeiting strategies to safeguard public health and combat the growing threat of fake drugs. Keywords: Falsified, Substandard, Counterfeit, Knowledge.

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Section: Study Locationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perception of Consumers, Stakeholders, and Policy Makers on NAFDAC Anti-counterfeit Technologies and Interventions Regarding Counterfeit Drugs in Nigeria

Olaniran

2023

TIJAR

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Biohybrid membranes for effective bacterial vehiculation and simultaneous removal of hexavalent chromium (CrVI) and phenol

Pereira

Fernández

Cimadoro

et al. 2021

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Impacts and Policy Implications of Metals Effluent Discharge into Rivers within Industrial Zones: A Sub-Saharan Perspective from Ethiopia

Zinabu

Kelderman

Kwast

et al. 2017

Environmental Management

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Kombolcha, a city in Ethiopia, exemplifies the challenges and problems of the sub-Saharan countries where industrialization is growing fast but monitoring resources are poor and information on pollution unknown. This study monitored metals Cr, Cu, Zn, and Pb concentrations in five factories’ effluents, and in the effluent mixing zones of two rivers receiving discharges during the rainy seasons of 2013 and 2014. The results indicate that median concentrations of Cr in the tannery effluents and Zn in the steel processing effluents were as high as 26,600 and 155,750 µg/L, respectively, much exceeding both the USEPA and Ethiopian emission guidelines. Cu concentrations were low in all effluents. Pb concentrations were high in the tannery effluent, but did not exceed emission guidelines. As expected, no metal emission guidelines were exceeded for the brewery, textile and meat processing effluents. Median Cr and Zn concentrations in the Leyole river in the effluent mixing zones downstream of the tannery and steel processing plant increased by factors of 52 (2660 compared with 51 µg Cr/L) and 5 (520 compared with 110 µg Zn/L), respectively, compared with stations further upstream. This poses substantial ecological risks downstream. Comparison with emission guidelines indicates poor environmental management by industries and regulating institutions. Despite appropriate legislation, no clear measures have yet been taken to control industrial discharges, with apparent mismatch between environmental enforcement and investment policies. Effluent management, treatment technologies and operational capacity of environmental institutions were identified as key improvement areas to adopt progressive sustainable development.

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Evaluation of tannery effluent content in Kano metropolis, Kano State Nigeria

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Perception of Consumers, Stakeholders, and Policy Makers on NAFDAC Anti-counterfeit Technologies and Interventions Regarding Counterfeit Drugs in Nigeria

Perception of Consumers, Stakeholders, and Policy Makers on NAFDAC Anti-counterfeit Technologies and Interventions Regarding Counterfeit Drugs in Nigeria

Biohybrid membranes for effective bacterial vehiculation and simultaneous removal of hexavalent chromium (CrVI) and phenol

Impacts and Policy Implications of Metals Effluent Discharge into Rivers within Industrial Zones: A Sub-Saharan Perspective from Ethiopia

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