Evaluation of synthetic sex pheromone for monitoring and management of raspberry crown borer Pennisetia marginata (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae)

Abstract

1 (E ,Z )-3,13-Octadecadienal (E 3,Z 13-18:Ald) was recently identified as a sex pheromone component of the raspberry crown borer Pennisetia marginata (Harris) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae). Although unstable, this pheromone may have utility for monitoring the seasonal abundance and flight phenology of adult P. marginata, as well as for developing control tactics, such as disorienting mate-seeking males. Experiments conducted in raspberry and blackberry crops tested the effect of lure and trap attributes on captures of male P. marginata. 2 Increasing lure loads (10, 100 or 1000 μg) of E 3,Z 13-18:Ald significantly increased trap captures. 3 Freshly prepared lures were significantly more attractive than lures aged for 2-10 days at room temperature. 4 White wing traps and white delta traps were more effective than green delta or green bucket traps. 5 Trap height in the crop canopy had no effect on the capture of males. 6 When sex pheromone components of three other sesiid moth species were added to E 3,Z 13-18:Ald, the attraction of male P. marginata was reduced and, thus, these components were identified as pheromone antagonists. 7 Pheromone-based mass trapping with 25 wing traps per hectare reduced captures of males in traps baited with a low-dose (10 μg) pheromone lure by 67-87% in 2011.

Weed Management, Training, and Irrigation Practices for Organic Production of Trailing Blackberry: I. Mature Plant Growth and Fruit Production

“…In organic production, where options for pest control are limited, the recommended control method for raspberry crown borer is removing and burning infested plants (DeFrancesco et al, 2015). A sex pheromone component for raspberry crown borer has recently been developed and was successful in capturing males in wing traps (Judd et al, 2012;Teasdale et al, 2013). In our study, wing traps with the pheromone bait (Evergreen Growers Supply, Clackamas, OR) were deployed during the second year, as per the recommendations by Teasdale et al (2013).…”

“…A sex pheromone component for raspberry crown borer has recently been developed and was successful in capturing males in wing traps (Judd et al, 2012;Teasdale et al, 2013). In our study, wing traps with the pheromone bait (Evergreen Growers Supply, Clackamas, OR) were deployed during the second year, as per the recommendations by Teasdale et al (2013). However, no adult crown borers were captured, despite the presence of the larvae in the field.…”

Spectral discrimination by Synanthedon myopaeformis (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) when orienting to traps baited with sex pheromone or feeding attractants

“…Most sesiid moths examined have not been attracted by yellow traps (McLaughlin et al 1976;Childers et al 1979;Timmons and Potter 1981;Knodel and Agnello 1990;Teasdale et al 2013) so the question arising from our studies is why species like S. myopaeformis, S. tipuliformis, and V. polistiformis, are responsive to bright patches of green light when baited with pheromone and others are not? It seems likely these responses have something to do with the location and timing of mating encounters in different species.…”

“…Nevertheless, studies have shown that spectral reflectance from pheromone traps can affect catches even among nocturnal and crepuscular Lepidoptera (McLaughlin et al 1975;Mitchell et al 1989;Meagher 2001;Knight and Miliczky 2003;Athanassiou et al 2004). Similar studies in day-flying Sesiidae are somewhat limited (McLaughlin et al 1976;Childers et al 1979;Timmons and Potter 1981;Stüber and Dickler 1988; Knodel and Agnello 1990;Būda and Karalius 1993;Trematerra 1993;Suckling et al 2005;Roubos and Liburd 2008;Teasdale et al 2013) even though some species have well-developed vision (Karalius and Būda 2007).…”

“…In both of these papers, the authors failed to mention what kinds of traps were used and neither provided measurements of the spectral reflectance properties of their traps (Stüber and Dickler 1988; Trematerra 1993). These are important omissions because the level of spectral discrimination displayed by some sesiid species when orienting to pheromone traps is apparently affected by trap type (Suckling et al 2005; Teasdale et al 2013); pheromone catches of several sesiid species, including S. myopaeformis , are strongly influenced by trap design (Trematerra 1987; Knodel and Agnello 1990; Rocchini et al 2003; Jackson et al 2005; Brown et al 2006; Weihman and Liburd 2007); and pigments subjectively described as being green, yellow, or even white, can have quite different spectral reflectance properties (Prokopy et al 1975; Judd et al 1988).…”