Evaluation of synthetic ceramics as compression resistant matrix to promote osteogenesis of autologous blood coagulum containing recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 6 in rabbit posterolateral lumbar fusion model

Bone morphogenetic proteins: From discovery to development of a novel autologous bone graft substitute consisting of recombinant human BMP6 delivered in autologous blood coagulum carrier

“…For signaling BMP6 uses ALK2, ALK3 and ALK6 BMP type I receptors and it increases the expression of bone differentiation markers in cell cultures 131,140 . ABC also decreases inflammation and foreign body cell accumulation when combined with allograft or calcium phosphate ceramics in PLF animal studies 132,135,136,153 . BMP6 in blood remains active for approximately 7 days and could not be detected in the remaining serum after the formation of the autologous blood coagulum 12,115,131 .…”

“…The novel ABGS osteogenic device accelerates bone repair and contains compatible blood coagulum carrier, thus limiting inflammatory reaction contrary to other BMP based bone devices. BMP6 is used in a small dose with the ABC carrier and enhanced bone formation in preclinical studies 14,[135][136][137][138] (Figs. 1, 3, and 4).…”

“…Moreover, we have demonstrated that size and shape of ceramic particles determines the quantity and microarchitecture of the newly formed bone 137 . ABGS with synthetic ceramic particles was successfully used in a rabbit PLF model 136 . Tested ABGS formulations induced formation of new bone and osteointegration with native transverse processes.…”

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, Carriers, and Animal Models in the Development of Novel Bone Regenerative Therapies

“…The most commonly used inorganic preclinical materials are CaP ceramics, further subdivided into hydroxyapatite (HA), tricalcium phosphate (TCP), and biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) containing both HA and TCP at various ratios. We have recently shown that the chemical composition of ceramics does not affect the amount of newly formed bone induced by the osteoinductive device [73,74]. However, HA and TCP significantly differ in resorbability (HA is very stable, while TCP is more resorbable), which would eventually result in different residual ceramic volumes.…”

“…We have recently developed an autologous bone graft substitute (ABGS) comprised of BMP6 delivered within an autologous blood coagulum to which a compression-resistant matrix, such as allograft or synthetic ceramics, can be added [22,73,74,76,[86][87][88][89][90][91][92]. Moreover, the volume of newly induced bone increased with the elevation of the CRM amount, which might be attributed to the enlargement in an overall surface area [73].…”