Evaluation of sunlight-exposed pyrethroid-treated netting for the control of face fly and housefly (Diptera: Muscidae)

Peck, George W.; Ferguson, Holly J.; LePage, Jane; Hebert, Vincent R.; O'Neal, Sally D.; Walsh, Douglas B.

doi:10.1002/ps.3537

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…More importantly, the pyrethroid treated netting (Zero Fly livestock fence) has been recently introduced and being regarded as affordable by poor farmers, easy to transport and relatively safe for the user and the environment. Thus it can be used as an alternative tool to combat against fly challenges and vector born livestock diseases (Baur et al, 2011;Maia et al, 2012;Peck et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of insecticide treated nets fence in protecting cattle against tsetse and other biting flies in Arba Minch Zuria district, Southern Ethiopia

Megersa¹,

Seyoum²,

Lejebo³

et al. 2017

Ethiop. Vet. J.

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A field trial was carried out to assess the effect of insecticide treated net in protecting cattle from tsetse and other flies. A total of 35 pens were constructed, out of which 30 of them were fenced with insecticide treated net which served as treatment group and the remaining 5 pens were untreated controls. The fly populations around the pens were monthly monitored for five months using NGU traps deployed 5 m away from the cattle pens. The defensive movements of different body parts manifested by an animal for fly protections were observed for 5 minutes in each of the experimental and control groups. Additionally, other parameters such as packed cell volume, milk yield and body condition scores and buffy coat examination were investigated for both groups. Milk yield, body condition scores, packed cell volume (PCV) and data of defensive movements of animals were analyzed using linear model for longitudinal data or repeated measures by specifying time (monitoring cycles) and cattle as repeated variables. The result of this study showed that the overall proportion of fly catches was significantly lower in treated (38.3%) than control group (61.7%). Similarly, a significantly lower proportion of tsetse flies (28.4% versus 71.6%), biting flies (40.7% versus 59.3) and non-biting nuisance flies (39.7% versus 60.3%) compared to treatment. As a result, animals in treatment group had significantly lower average defensive movements of different body parts (7.84) compared to those in controls (16.37). All animals in both groups were negative for trypanosome infection and and there was no significant difference in their mean PCV values. Significant variation was not observed in daily milk yield between cows in treatment (0.83 liter) and in controls (0.53 liter). Fly Ethiop. Vet. J., 2017, 21 (1), 117-130 Bekele Megersa et al., densities had showed positive and negative relationships with defensive movements and PCV values over the monitoring time period, respectively. Body condition score of animals in the treatment group was also significantly higher (p<0.05) than those in controls. In conclusion, deltamethrin treated netting was found to reduce the challenges of tsetse and other biting flies, and thus can contribute to improved performances of animals in treatment groups.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of insecticide treated nets fence in protecting cattle against tsetse and other biting flies in Arba Minch Zuria district, Southern Ethiopia

Megersa¹,

Seyoum²,

Lejebo³

et al. 2017

Ethiop. Vet. J.

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“…It was necessary to keep the investigational LLINs under ideal temperature and humidity conditions, as it is known that high temperature may inactivate the insecticide or binder [19,26]. Proper storage should also avoid direct sunlight as pyrethroids are decomposed by UV light and heat [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Atieli et al showed that drying methods used after washing nets, resulted in significant impact on the efficacy of pyrethroid nets: nets washed 20 times and dried under the shade retained more pyrethroid insecticide (62.5%) than nets directly dried under the sunlight (58.8%) [20]. Furthermore, Peck et al reported that the insecticidal activity of the pyrethroid Lambda-cyhalothrin was reduced after 10 weeks of exposure to direct sunlight [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-lasting insecticidal nets retain bio-efficacy after five years of storage: implications for malaria control programmes

Musa

Moore

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are the most sustainable and effective malaria control tool currently available. Global targets are for 80% of the population living in malaria endemic areas to have access to (own) and use a LLIN. However, current access to LLINs in endemic areas is 56% due to system inefficiencies and budget limitations. Thus, cost-effective approaches to maximize access to effective LLINs in endemic areas are required. This study evaluated whether LLINs that had been stored for five years under manufacturer’s recommended conditions may be optimally effective against Anopheles mosquitoes, to inform malaria control programmes and governments on the periods over which LLINs may be stored between distributions, in an effort to maximize use of available LLINs. Methods: Standard World Health Organization (WHO) bioassays (cone and tunnel test) were used to evaluate the bio-efficacy and wash resistance of Olyset® and DawaPlus® 2.0 (rebranded Tsara® Soft) LLINs after five years of storage at 25°C to 33.4°C and 40% to 100% relative humidity. In addition, a small scale Ifakara Ambient Chamber test (I-ACT) was conducted to compare the bio-efficacy of one long stored LLINs to one new LLIN of the same brand, washed or unwashed. LLINs were evaluated using laboratory reared fully susceptible Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) (Ifakara strain) and pyrethroid resistant Anopheles arabiensis (Kingani strain). Results: After five years of storage, both unwashed and washed, Olyset® and DawaPlus® 2.0 (Tsara® Soft) LLINs passed WHO bio-efficacy criteria on knockdown (KD60) ≥95%, 24-hour mortality ≥80% and ≥90% blood-feeding inhibition in WHO assays against susceptible An. gambiae s.s. DawaPlus® 2.0 LLINs also passed combined WHO bioassay criteria against resistant An. arabiensis. Confirmatory I-ACT tests using whole nets demonstrated that long-stored LLINs showed higher efficacy than new LLINs on both feeding inhibition and mortality endpoints against resistant strains.Conclusions: Even after long-term storage of around 5 years, both Olyset® and DawaPlus® 2.0 LLINs remain efficacious against susceptible Anopheles mosquitoes at optimal storage range of 25°C to 33.4°C for temperature and 40% to 100% relative humidity measured by standard WHO methods. DawaPlus® 2.0 (Tsara® Soft) remained efficacious against resistant strain.

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“…Atieli et al (2010), showed that drying methods used after washing nets, resulted in significant impact on the efficacy of pyrethroid nets: nets washed 20 times and dried under the shade retained more pyrethroid insecticide (62.5%) than nets directly dried under the sunlight (58.8%) [20]. Furthermore, Peck et al (2014) reported that the insecticidal activity of the pyrethroid Lambda-cyhalothrin was reduced after 10 weeks of exposure to direct sunlight [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets retain bio-efficacy after five years of storage: implications for malaria control programmes

Musa

Moore

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background: Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) are the most sustainable and effective malaria control tool currently available. Global targets are for 80% of the population living in malaria endemic areas to have access to (own) and use a LLIN. However, current access to LLINs in endemic areas is 56% due to system inefficiencies and budget limitations. Thus, cost-effective approaches to maximize access of effective LLINs in endemic areas are required. This study evaluated whether LLINs that had been stored for five years under manufacturer’s recommended conditions may be optimally effective against Anopheles mosquitoes, to inform malaria control programs and governments on the periods over which LLINs may be stored between distributions, in an effort to maximise use of available LLINs. Methods: Standard World Health Organization (WHO) bioassays (cone and tunnel test) were used to evaluate the bio-efficacy and wash resistance of Olyset® and DawaPlus® 2.0 (rebranded Tsara® Soft) LLINs after five years of storage at 25°C - 33.4°C and 40% - 100% relative humidity. In addition a small scale, Ifakara Ambient Chamber tests (I-ACT) were conducted to compare the bio-efficacy of one long stored LLINs to one new LLIN of the same brand, washed or unwashed. LLINs were evaluated using laboratory reared fully susceptible Anopheles gambiae s.s. (Ifakara) and pyrethroid resistant Anopheles arabiensis (Kingani). Results: After five years of storage, both unwashed and washed, Olyset® and DawaPlus® 2.0 LLINs passed WHO bio-efficacy criteria on knockdown (KD60) ≥95%, 24-hour mortality ≥80% and ≥90% blood-feeding inhibition in WHO assays against susceptible An. gambiae s.s. DawaPlus® 2.0 LLINs also passed combined WHO bioassay criteria against resistant An. arabiensis. Confirmatory I-ACT tests using whole nets demonstrated that long stored LLINs showed higher efficacy than new LLINs on both feeding inhibition and mortality endpoints against resistant strains. Conclusions: Even after long-term storage of around 5 years, Olyset® and DawaPlus® 2.0 LLINs remain efficacious against susceptible Anopheles mosquitoes at optimal storage range of 25°C - 33.4°C for temperature and 40% - 100% relative humidity measured by standard WHO methods.

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Evaluation of sunlight-exposed pyrethroid-treated netting for the control of face fly and housefly (Diptera: Muscidae)

Abstract: With careful choice of the pyrethroid applied, treated netting could be an important component of livestock integrated pest management programs focused on sustainable practices.

Cited by 13 publications

References 27 publications

Effect of insecticide treated nets fence in protecting cattle against tsetse and other biting flies in Arba Minch Zuria district, Southern Ethiopia

Effect of insecticide treated nets fence in protecting cattle against tsetse and other biting flies in Arba Minch Zuria district, Southern Ethiopia

Long-lasting insecticidal nets retain bio-efficacy after five years of storage: implications for malaria control programmes

Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets retain bio-efficacy after five years of storage: implications for malaria control programmes

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