Evaluation of Subchronic Oral Dose Toxicity of Freeze-Dried Skimmed Powder of Zophobas atratus Larvae (frpfdZAL) in Rats

Kim, Sun Young; Kwak, Kyu-Won; Park, Eun-Sung; Yoon, Hyung Joo; Kim, Yong-Soon; Park, Kwan-Ho; Kim, Eunsun; Kim, Sun-Don

doi:10.3390/foods9080995

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…In the hematology tests, RET tended to decrease in male rats of the 2500 and 5000 mg/kg/day group (Table 7). However, this was not considered as related to administering the WG extracts, since the RET ratio of the control group in this study was higher than the normal levels in other reports with the same conditions [20][21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Assessment of General Toxicity of the Glycyrrhiza New Variety Extract in Rats

Kim

Lee

Kim³

et al. 2021

Plants

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The Glycyrrhiza radix (Licorice) is one of the most commonly used medicinal plants in Asian countries, such as China, India, and Korea. It has been traditionally used to treat many diseases, including cough, cold, asthma, fatigue, gastritis, and respiratory tract infections. A Glycyrrhiza new variety, Wongam (WG), has been developed by the Korea Rural Development Administration and revealed pharmacological effects. However, the potential adverse effects of WG have not been revealed yet. This study evaluates the general toxicity of the WG extract through a single and repeated oral dose toxicity study in Sprague-Dawley rats. After single oral dose administration, no significant toxicological changes or mortality was observed up to 5000 mg/kg. Over a 4-week repeated oral dose toxicity study, no adverse effects and target organs were observed up to 5000 mg/kg/day. Over a 13-week repeated oral dose toxicity study, no mortality or toxicological changes involving ophthalmology, water consumption, or hematology were observed up to 5000 mg/kg/day. Although other parameters were changed, the alterations in question were not considered toxicologically significant, since responses remained within normal ranges and were not dose-dependent. In conclusion, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of WG was higher than 5000 mg/kg/day, and no target organs were identified in rats.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Assessment of General Toxicity of the Glycyrrhiza New Variety Extract in Rats

Kim

Lee

Kim³

et al. 2021

Plants

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“… Grabowski and Klein (2016) evaluated the microbiological quality of Z. morio larvae processed with four different drying techniques in order to identify the methods that can ensure food quality and safety. Similarly, an evaluation of the safety of freeze-dried skimmed powder of Z. morio larvae revealed no adverse effect in oral toxicity tests in rats at doses up to 5,000 mg/kg/d ( Kim et al 2020b ). Such safety data should be examined into more detail and be adequately provided, in order to illustrate potential risks that may endanger human and animal health.…”

Section: Future Research and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Superworm, Zophobas morio (Coleoptera:Tenebrionidae): A ‘Sleeping Giant’ in Nutrient Sources

Rumbos

Athanassiou

2021

Journal of Insect Science

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The aim of this review is to compile up-to-date information on the superworm, Zophobas morio (F.), regarding its biology and ecology, but also its further potential for use as a nutrient source for food and feed. We illustrate certain basic characteristics of the morphology and bio-ecology of this species, which is marginally considered as a ‘pest’ in durable amylaceous commodities. More recent data show that Z. morio can be a valuable nutrient and antimicrobial source that could be utilized further in insect-based feed and food production. The inclusion of this species in aquafeed has provided promising results in a wide range of feeding trials, both in terms of fish development and health. Additional data illustrate its potential for use in poultry, indicating that this species provides comparable results with those of other insect species that are used in feed. Moreover, Z. morio can be a viable waste management agent. This review aims to summarize the available data and underline data gaps for future research, toward the potential of the utilization of Z. morio for human food and animal feed. Based on the data presented, Z. morio appears to be a well-promising insect-based protein source, which potential still remains to be unfold.

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“…Food and water were provided, ad libitum, with a 12 hours light:12 hours dark cycle. All procedures and protocols were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of Chemon Inc. performed in accordance with the guideline published by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) as well as the Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) regulations for Nonclinical Laboratory Studies of the Ministry of Food Drug Safety (MFDS) in the Republic of Korea [27,28,30,31].…”

Section: Experimental Animals Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Urinalysis, hematological analyses, and serum biochemistry analyses were conducted as described previously [31].…”

Section: Urinalysis Hematology and Clinical Biochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Subchronic Toxicity and Genotoxicity of Ethanolic Extract of Aster glehni Leaves and Stems

Lim

Yoon²,

Jeong³

et al. 2021

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Aster glehni, a traditional plant on Ulleung Island in the Republic of Korea, has been recognized for its multiple medicinal properties. However, potential toxicity and safety analyses of A. glehni have not been previously investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the safety profile of ethanolic extract of A. glehni leaves and stems (EAG) in terms of genotoxicity and subchronic oral animal toxicity under OECD guidelines and GLP conditions. Toxicological assessments were performed at doses of 1,250, 2,500, and 5,000 mg/kg/day in a 13-week oral repeated-dose toxicity study of EAG in male and female SD rats. In addition, an Ames test, an in vitro mammalian chromosomal aberration test, and a micronucleus test were performed. No toxicological changes in clinical signs, body weights, water and food consumption, urinalysis, hematology, clinical biochemistry, gross findings, and histopathological examinations were observed in subchronic oral animal toxicity. In addition, EAG gave negative results when evaluated using in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity tests. In conclusion, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of EAG was considered to be 5,000 mg/kg/day, and no target organs were identified in both sexes of rats. EAG was also classified as nonmutagenic and nonclastogenic in genotoxicity testing. Collectively, these results show a lack of general toxicity and genotoxicity for EAG that supports clinical work for development as a herbal medicine.

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Evaluation of Subchronic Oral Dose Toxicity of Freeze-Dried Skimmed Powder of Zophobas atratus Larvae (frpfdZAL) in Rats

Cited by 9 publications

References 46 publications

Assessment of General Toxicity of the Glycyrrhiza New Variety Extract in Rats

Assessment of General Toxicity of the Glycyrrhiza New Variety Extract in Rats

The Superworm, Zophobas morio (Coleoptera:Tenebrionidae): A ‘Sleeping Giant’ in Nutrient Sources

Evaluation of Subchronic Toxicity and Genotoxicity of Ethanolic Extract of Aster glehni Leaves and Stems

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