Evaluation of Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity of Dimethyl Disulfide in Rats

Kim, H. Y.; Lee, S. B.; Chung, Yong Hyun; Lim, Changjin; Yu, Il Je; Park, S. C.; Shin, Jae‐Ho; Kim, S. H.; Shin, Dong–Ho; Kim, J. C.

doi:10.1080/08958370500516291

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Previous studies demonstrated that the function and weight of adrenal glands is adversely effected by various stressful factors. [53][54][55][56] So the increased weights of adrenal glands are also considered to be related to stress responses, induced by the administration of ZnO SM20(+) NPs, which is consistent with the decreased body-weight gain in the group.…”

supporting

confidence: 58%

Prenatal development toxicity study of zinc oxide nanoparticles in rats

An¹,

Hong²,

Park³

et al. 2014

IJN

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This study investigated the potential adverse effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles ([ZnO SM20(+) NPs] zinc oxide nanoparticles, positively charged, 20 nm) on pregnant dams and embryo–fetal development after maternal exposure over the period of gestational days 5–19 with Sprague-Dawley rats. ZnO SM20(+) NPs were administered to pregnant rats by gavage at 0, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day. All dams were subjected to a cesarean section on gestational day 20, and all of the fetuses were examined for external, visceral, and skeletal alterations. Toxicity in the dams manifested as significantly decreased body weight after administration of 400 mg/kg/day NPs; reduced food consumption after administration of 200 and 400 mg/kg/day NPs; and decreased liver weight and increased adrenal glands weight after administration of 400 mg/kg/day NPs. However, no treatment-related difference in: number of corpora lutea; number of implantation sites; implantation rate (%); resorption; dead fetuses; litter size; fetal deaths and placental weights; and sex ratio were observed between the groups. On the other hand, significant decreases between treatment groups and controls were seen for fetal weights after administration of 400 mg/kg/day NPs. Morphological examinations of the fetuses demonstrated significant differences in incidences of abnormalities in the group administered 400mg/kg/day. Meanwhile, no significant difference was found in the Zn content of fetal tissue between the control and high-dose groups. These results showed that oral doses for the study with 15-days repeated of ZnO SM20(+) NPs were maternotoxic in the 200 mg/kg/day group, and embryotoxic in the 400 mg/kg/day group.

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confidence: 58%

Prenatal development toxicity study of zinc oxide nanoparticles in rats

An¹,

Hong²,

Park³

et al. 2014

IJN

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“…In the second inhalation study, rats were exposed for 13 weeks to 5, 25, or 125 ppm (0.02, 0.10, or 0.48 mg/L) DMDS for 6 hours/d. 88 A treatment-related decrease in body weight gain, food consumption, and thymus weight was observed along with an increase in adrenal gland weight. Histopathology did not reveal any increase in the incidence or severity of abnormal tissue alterations relative to controls.…”

Section: International Journal Of Toxicology 33(supplement 1)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Disulfide Oil Hazard Assessment Using Categorical Analysis and a Mode of Action Determination

Morgott

Bootman²,

Banton

2013

Int J Toxicol

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Diethyl and diphenyl disulfides, naphtha sweetening (Chemical Abstracts Service [CAS] # 68955-96-4), are primarily composed of low-molecular-weight dialkyl disulfides extracted from C 4 to C 5 light hydrocarbon streams during the refining of crude oil. The substance, commonly known as disulfide oil (DSO), can be composed of up to 17 different disulfides and trisulfides with monoalkyl chain lengths no greater than C 4 . The disulfides in DSO constitute a homologous series of chemical constituents that are perfectly suited for a hazard evaluation using a read-across/worst-case approach. The DSO constituents exhibit a common mode of action that is operable at all trophic levels. The observed oxidative stress response is mediated by reactive oxygen species and free radical intermediates generated after disulfide bond cleavage and subsequent redox cycling of the resulting mercaptan. Evidence indicates that the lowest series member, dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), can operate as a worst-case surrogate for other members of the series, since it displays the highest toxicity. Increasing the alkyl chain length or degree of substitution has been shown to serially reduce disulfide toxicity through resonance stabilization of the radical intermediate or steric inhibition of the initial enzymatic step. The following case study examines the mode of action for dialkyl disulfide toxicity and documents the use of read-across information from DMDS to assess the hazards of DSO. The results indicate that DSO possesses high aquatic toxicity, moderate environmental persistence, low to moderate acute toxicity, high repeated dose toxicity, and a low potential for genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and reproductive/developmental effects.

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“…The significant decrease in the absolute and relative weights of the thymus is considered to be related to the cold stress responses induced by the continuous exposure to a concrete building environment because it was associated with the increased incidence of clinical signs and slightly increased adrenal weight. Previous studies reported that various stress factors adversely affect the function and weight of the thymus and adrenal glands (Kim et al, 2006;Kioukia-Fougia et al, 2002;Odio and Maickel, 1985;Ulrich-Lai et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of embryo‐fetal development in rats housed in concrete or hwangto cages during pregnancy

Lee¹,

Ahn²,

Yang³

et al. 2008

Birth Defects Research Pt B

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BACKGROUND:Recently, it was reported that the 4-week exposure of rats to a concrete building environment under cool temperatures (11.7-12.11C) had adverse effects on the general health parameters. This study examined the potential effects of concrete and hwangto building environments on pregnant dams and embryo-fetal development in SpragueDawley rats. METHODS: Groups of 10 mated females were exposed to polycarbonate (control), concrete, or hwangto cages from gestational days (GD) 0 to 20 under cool temperatures (11.9-12.51C). All the females underwent a caesarean section on GD 20, and their fetuses were examined for any morphological abnormalities. RESULTS: The temperatures in the cages were similar in all groups but the relative humidity in the concrete and hwangto groups were higher than in the control group. The concentration of volatile organic compounds in the hwangto group during the study period was lower than in the control group. In the concrete group, maternal effects manifested as an increase in the incidence of clinical signs, a lower body weight, and a decrease in the thymus and ovary weights. Developmental effects included increased post-implantation loss and decreased litter size. In contrast, in the hwangto group, there were no exposurerelated adverse effects on the maternal and developmental parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the exposure of pregnant rats to a concrete building environment under cool temperatures has adverse effects on the clinical signs, body weight, organ weight, and embryo-fetal development. On the other hand, exposure to a hwangto building environment does not have any adverse effects on pregnant dams or on embryo-fetal development in rats. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 83: 32-39, 2008.

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Evaluation of Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity of Dimethyl Disulfide in Rats

Cited by 26 publications

References 19 publications

Prenatal development toxicity study of zinc oxide nanoparticles in rats

Prenatal development toxicity study of zinc oxide nanoparticles in rats

Disulfide Oil Hazard Assessment Using Categorical Analysis and a Mode of Action Determination

Evaluation of embryo‐fetal development in rats housed in concrete or hwangto cages during pregnancy

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