Evaluation of subchronic inhalation toxicity of methylcyclopentane in rats

Yang, Young-Su; Lee, Sung-Bae; Choi, Seong‐Jin; Lee, Byoung‐Seok; Heo, Jeong‐Doo; Song, Chang-Woo; Kim, Hyeon-Yeong; Kim, Jong-Choon; Lee, Kyuhong

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2013.11.001

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…As the changes in liver weight appeared to be evidence of adaptive rather than adverse processes and the hematological changes were within the normal range, the no adverse effect concentration for both rats and mice was judged to be 7000 ppm (21000 mg/m 3 ), the highest concentration tested. Yang et al (2014) reported a study in which rats were exposed by inhalation, 6 hours/day and 5 days/week for 13 weeks, at levels of 290, 1300, or 5870 ppm (880, 3900, or 18000 mg/ m 3 ). Following the exposure period, the surviving animals were sacrificed and examined at the gross and microscopic levels.…”

Section: Repeated Dose Toxicity Studies Of Cyclohexanementioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the toxicological hazards of hydrocarbon solvents

McKee

Adenuga

Carrillo

2015

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

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Hydrocarbon solvents are liquid hydrocarbon fractions derived from petroleum processing streams, containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms, with carbon numbers ranging from approximately C5-C20 and boiling between approximately 35-370°C. Many of the hydrocarbon solvents have complex and variable compositions with constituents of 4 types, alkanes (normal paraffins, isoparaffins, and cycloparaffins) and aromatics (primarily alkylated one-and tworing species). Because of the compositional complexity, hydrocarbon solvents are now identified by a nomenclature ("the naming convention") that describes them in terms of physical/ chemical properties and compositional elements. Despite the compositional complexity, most hydrocarbon solvent constituents have similar toxicological properties, and the overall toxicological hazards can be characterized in generic terms. To facilitate hazard characterization, the solvents were divided into 9 groups (categories) of substances with similar physical and chemical properties. Hydrocarbon solvents can cause chemical pneumonitis if aspirated into the lung, and those that are volatile can cause acute CNS effects and/or ocular and respiratory irritation at exposure levels exceeding occupational recommendations. Otherwise, there are few toxicologically important effects. The exceptions, n-hexane and naphthalene, have unique toxicological properties, and those solvents containing constituents for which classification is required under the Globally Harmonized System (GHS) are differentiated by the substance names. Toxicological information from studies of representative substances was used to fulfill REACH registration requirements and to satisfy the needs of the OECD High Production Volume (HPV) initiative. As shown in the examples provided, the hazard characterization data can be used for hazard classification and for occupational exposure limit recommendations. Introduction Scope and purpose of the documentThe present document summarizes information on the physical/ chemical properties and toxicological hazards of hydrocarbon solvents and provides examples of the ways in which the information on hazard characterization can be used for hazard classification and to set occupational exposure limits. Many of the toxicological studies were published separately, but the results are summarized herein and referenced in the appendices.Hydrocarbon solvents are liquid hydrocarbon fractions that are primarily produced by the distillation of petroleum feed stocks or their synthetic analogs (e.g., Fischer-Tropsch derived materials), sometimes followed by additional processing steps such as solvent extraction, hydrodesulfurization, or hydrogenation. 1 Most hydrocarbon solvents are complex substances with variable compositions and are best described as UVCB 2 (unknown and variable composition) substances, but some are single constituent (mono-constituent) substances. The complex and variable nature of these solvents is the consequence of their manufacturing processes. In short, most hydroca...

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Section: Repeated Dose Toxicity Studies Of Cyclohexanementioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the toxicological hazards of hydrocarbon solvents

McKee

Adenuga

Carrillo

2015

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

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“…Of all adverse clinical signs observed, salivation and abdominal distension probably resulted from irritation of the oral mucosa and gastrointestinal track by ZnO AE100(+) . Salivation is often observed in gavage studies and may have been a reaction to the taste or mucosal irritation of the test article [ 17 18 19 20 ]. Fur loss and weakness were indications of stress and/or malnutrition induced by ZnO AE100(+) , which is supported by the decreases in body weight and feed consumption.…”

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confidence: 99%

Evaluation of 2-week repeated oral dose toxicity of 100 nm zinc oxide nanoparticles in rats

Hong

Lee

et al. 2015

Lab Anim Res

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The aim of this study was to verify subacute oral dose toxicity of positively charged 100 nm zinc oxide (ZnOAE100[+]) nanoparticles (NPs) in Sprague-Dawley rats. ZnOAE100[+] NPs were administered to rats of each sex by gavage at 0, 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg/day for 14 days. During the study period, clinical signs, mortality, body weight, food consumption, hematology, serum biochemistry, gross pathology, organ weight, and histopathology were examined. Increased mortality and clinical signs, decreased body weight, feed consumption, hemoglobin (HB), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), platelet (PT), and lymphocyte (LYM) and increased white blood cells (WBCs), neutrophils (NEUs), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and histopathological alterations in the spleen, stomach, and pancreas were observed at 2,000 mg/kg/day. Increased clinical signs, decreased body weight, feed consumption, HB, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, and LYM and increased WBCs, NEUs, ALP, and histopathological alterations in the spleen, stomach, and pancreas were seen at 1,000 mg/kg/day. Increased clinical signs, decreased MCV and MCH and increased histopathological alterations in the stomach and pancreas were found at 500 mg/kg/day. These results suggest that the target organs were the spleen, stomach, and pancreas in rats. The no-observed-adverse-effect level was <500 mg/kg for both sexes.

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“…** Significant difference from the control group at P < 0.01. system by TCS, which acts as a skin, eye, and respiratory system irritant in humans and experimental animals (Steinkjer and Braathen, 1988;EPA, 2008). It is well known that salivation is often observed after exposure to irritant substances by inhalation, and salivation may be a reaction to the irritation by TCS (Duffus, 1993;Yu et al, 2011;Yang et al, 2014). The limited acute inhalation toxicity data indicate that acute exposure to TCS causes respiratory system irritation when rats are exposed to 1.3 mg/L by inhalation for 2 h (Leutkemeier et al, 1974).…”

Section: Parametermentioning

confidence: 95%

“…known to occur commonly in rats (Boorman et al, 1990;Greaves, 1990;Haschek and Rousseaux, 1998;Kim et al, 2009;Yang et al, 2014).…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 96%