“…In addition, Dray and Miszkiewicz (2007) included some items to derive information about the distance learner's demographic information (e.g. age, gender, and ethnicity) because demographic characteristics such as age, gender, or ethnicity were considered to be one of the more influential factors on success in online learning (Campbell, 2007;Campbell & Oblinger, 2007;Koch, 1998;Lim & Kim, 2002;Thurmond, Wambach, & Connors, 2002;Wojciechowski & Palmer, 2005). For instance, Campbell and Oblinger (2007) insisted that female, majority, or second generation students would tend to achieve better learning outcomes in online learning than would their male, minority, or first generation peers.…”