Evaluation of structural, dielectric, magnetic and photocatalytic properties of Nd and Cu co-doped barium hexaferrite

Giant effect on structural, magnetic, electrical, and optical properties of lead-free Ba0.6Sr0.4Ti1-xAlxO3 ceramics via Sr and Al Co-doping engineering

“…The amplitude of ò′ decreases with increasing Al concentration with compositional change due to high porosity [92]. Doping in perovskites, on the other hand, tends to form, tilt, or, change the BO 6 octahedral orientation, which may limit polarizability [101,102]. Another possible explanation for the lowering value of ε′ with increasing Al content is the hopping electrons between Ti 3+ and Ti 4+ , as well as a decrease in oxygen vacancies.…”

“…The dielectric loss of the un-doped ceramics is found to be the lowest. Electronic conduction in perovskites is promoted by electron bouncing among identical ions that are freely scattered over crystallographically matching lattice locations, according to the hoping mechanism of Verway-de-Boer [101]. At the lower frequencies domain, the electron hopping frequency between Ti 4+ and Ti 3+ ions are much higher compared to the applied ac field frequency, which maximizes the loss (tanδ E ).…”

Unraveling the structural, electrical Polarization, FTIR, Thermal and electrochemical properties of Dy 3+ substituted ?-ferrites

“…The absorption peaks at wave number 417, 544,608 and 672 cm -1 assigned to intrinsic stretching vibration between metal and oxygen ions at octahedral and tetrahedral sites respectively within samples which is the characteristic key peaks of hexaferrites [23][24]. Numerous absorption peaks observed at 1367, 1453, 1510 and 1641 cm -1 can be attributed to metal-oxygen-metal such as (Fe-O-Fe, Dy-O-Dy) bonds bridging associations [25][26]. An intense peak recorded at 2360 cm -1 which originate due to H-O stretching vibration, consequence of hydrogen bonding.…”

Application of Spinel and Hexagonal Ferrites in Heterogeneous Photocatalysis

“…Concerning the photocatalytic activity of single-phase M-type hexaferrites, their efficiency is often much lower than that of known photocatalytic materials, but they can absorb a broad spectrum of visible light, and thus their vis activity is of some interest, as summarized in Table 2. For example, Bibi et al studied the photocatalytic properties of pure and Nd/Cu co-doped BaFe 12 O 19 under solar light in Pakistan, using methylene green dye as a probe [78]. Both types of ferrites could remove the target compound, with a final efficiency of 37% and 93% for pristine and doped materials, respectively, after 60 min of irradiation.…”

“…This leads to confusing results reported in different studies. For example, opposite charge transfers between the same components was claimed (e.g., BaFe 12 O 19 /g-C 3 N 4 [122,123]) or the oxidative role of • OH radicals in the presence of Ba-ferrite [78,81] was suggested, whereas other studies excluded such mechanisms [131,137]. Since water purification from organic pollutants remains the most investigated application of the magnetic photocatalysts, these details, as well as the possible factors that affect them, are considered as crucial for further studies to better understand the interactions between hexaferrites, other photocatalysts, and pollutants.…”