Evaluation of Strength Properties of Sand Stabilized with Wood Fly Ash (WFA) and Cement

Dimter, Sanja; Zagvozda, Martina; Tonc, Tea; Šimun, Miroslav

doi:10.3390/ma15093090

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The roughness of paper was measured to be 240ml/min for side A upwards and 272ml/min for side A downwards. There was a relation to this scale of roughness Bendtsen as to the pick resistance which was larger for this value of alkaline pH 9.6 and ash content on ignition of 15.4%w/w [12]. The L*,a*,b* values of colour coordinates told us that the paper had a natural blue-red look (Table 3).…”

Section: Acsr000566 3(4)2023mentioning

confidence: 84%

Untitled

2023

ACSR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The ash on ignition at 900 ˚C of a A4 copy paper sample UPM New Future Multi was determined to be 15.4%w/w and its X-ray diffraction pattern showed the presence of only portlandite syn Ca(OH) 2 peaks placed at 2θ values of 18 o , 29 o , 34 o , 46 o , 47 o , 51 o , 54 o , 63 o , 72 o which corresponded to crystal planes of 111, 110, 112. The high tensile force value of 4.5KN/m of the dry A4 copy paper sample correlated well with its high pH value of 9.6 and high ash on ignition content of 15.4%w/w. Along with them the roughness Bendtsen of the paper was found in a scale which related well with its pick resistance measured to be 1.96m/s in the machine direction and 0.39m/s in the counter direction. The band gap energy E g from the Diffuse Reflection Spectroscopy (DRS) study of the A4 copy paper sample was calculated to be 1.169715722005400000000000eV. The absorption coefficient α(ν) near the edges was calculated to be 4.27185997cm -1 and the band gap was obtained by intercepting the linear fitted line in the plot of (αhv)^2 versus hv. The X-Ray powder diffraction pattern of portlandite was indexed by trial and error, and some peaks were assigned their hkl values. Finally, the Miller indices of the reflections were determined as well as the separation of planes. The separation of the 111 plane in the rhombohedral lattice was calculated to be 0.2984038nm. The separation of the 110 plane in the rhombohedral lattice was calculated to be 0.423379nm and of the 112 plane was 0.2205806429nm.

show abstract

Section: Acsr000566 3(4)2023mentioning

confidence: 84%

Untitled

2023

ACSR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Indeed, quartz (SiO 2 ) represents the major constituent (93–95 wt.%), there are several other oxides are incorporated in the natural sand such as iron oxides (FeO, Fe 2 O 3 ), aluminum oxide, lime (CaO), soda (Na 2 O), potash (Kro)… etc. [ 39 , 40 ]. On the other hand, the used TiO 2 R25 composes of a single constituent; rutile phase titanium oxide.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

TiO2 NPs-immobilized silica granules: New insight for nano catalyst fixation for hydrogen generation and sustained wastewater treatment

2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In heterogeneous catalytic processes, immobilization of the functional material over a proper support is a vital solution for reusing and/or avoiding a secondary pollution problem. The study introduces a novel approach for immobilizing R25 NPs on the surface of silica granules using hydrothermal treatment followed by calcination process. Due to the privileged characteristics of the subcritical water, during the hydrothermal treatment process, the utilized R25 NPs were partially dissolved and precipitated on the surface of the silica granules. Calcination at high temperature (700°C) resulted in improving the attachment forces. The structure of the newly proposed composite was approved by 2D and 3D optical microscope images, XRD and EDX analyses. The functionalized silica granules were used in the form of a packed bed for continuous removal of methylene blue dye. The results indicated that the TiO2:sand ratio has a considerable effect on the shape of the dye removal breakthrough curve as the exhaustion point, corresponding to ~ 95% removal, was 12.3, 17.4 and 21.3 min for 1:20, 1:10 and 1:5 metal oxides ratio, respectively. Furthermore, the modified silica granules could be exploited as a photocatalyst for hydrogen generation from sewage wastewaters under direct sunlight with a good rate; 75×10−3 mmol/s. Interestingly, after the ease separation of the used granules, the performance was not affected. Based on the obtained results, the 170°C is the optimum hydrothermal treatment temperature. Overall, the study opens a new avenue for immobilization of functional semiconductors on the surface of sand granules.

show abstract

“…Bricks made with the addition of 5-20% marble flour have adequate compressive strength in relation to the values required by standards, and the addition of marble waste does not significantly affect the amount of salt effloresce occurring in the bricks. In turn, Dimter et al [10] determined the mechanical properties (California Bearing Ratio, compressive and intermediate tensile strength and resistance to freeze/thaw cycles) of wood fly ash (WFA) sand mixtures produced with different amounts of cement. It has been shown that WFA has a significant stabilizing effect on the sand mixture and improves its load-bearing capacity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%