Evaluation of stochastic models of parallel road tracks

Laplace distribution models for road topography and roughness

“…by a process of the same type as the model of road surface. Another approach has been proposed in (Bogsjö, 2007a) where a bivariate road model was constructed based on a Gaussian process with added random irregularities.…”

“…The spectral representation of a 2-track Laplace process is the same as for a standard 2-track Gaussian one, namely the left and right tracks are described by the spectra S L (Ω), S R (Ω) and the cross-spectra S LR (Ω) = S RL (Ω), see e.g. (Dodds & Robson, 1973;Bogsjö, 2007a). The work is an extension to parallel track of the single track models presented in (Johannesson & Rychlik, 2014;Bogsjö et al, 2012).…”

AR(1) time series with autoregressive gamma variance for road topography modeling

“…The variability of variances was modeled by a discrete distribution taking a few values. Another approach has been proposed in [2] where a bivariate road model was constructed based on a Gaussian process with added random irregularities. These types of models were further developed in [4], [13], [9] and [8] resulting in the so-called generalized Laplace models which, roughly, means that the variable variances are assumed to follow a gamma distribution.…”

Road surface numerical reconstruction based on image matching

“…Such as, harmonic superposition method [2], trigonometric series method, white noise filtering method [3], inverse fast fourier transform (IFFT) method that based on power spectral density (PSD) [4], time series of time-domain model and so on [5]. Some techniques and methods, such as image processing and pattern recognition have been applied on breakage and detection of road [6].…”