Evaluation of stemness properties of cells derived from granulation tissue of peri‐implantitis lesions

Abstract

Objectives: Peri-implantitis (PI) is an inflammatory disease associated with periimplant bone loss and impaired healing potential. There is limited evidence about the presence of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and their regenerative properties within the granulation tissue (GT) of infrabony peri-implantitis defects. The aim of the present study was to characterize the cells derived from the GT of infrabony PI lesions (peri-implantitis derived mesenchymal stromal cells-PIMSCs).Material and Methods: PIMSC cultures were established from GT harvested from PI lesions with a pocket probing depth ≥6 mm, bleeding on probing/suppuration, and radiographic evidence of an infrabony component from four systemically healthy individuals. Cultures were analyzed for embryonic (SSEA4, NANOG, SOX2, OCT4A), mesenchymal (CD90, CD73, CD105, CD146, STRO1) and hematopoietic (CD34, CD45) stem cell markers using flow cytometry. PIMSC cultures were induced for neurogenic, angiogenic and osteogenic differentiation by respective media. Cultures were analyzed for morphological changes and mineralization potential (Alizarin Red S method). Gene expression of neurogenic (NEFL, NCAM1, TUBB3, ENO2), angiogenic (VEGFR1, VEGFR2, PECAM1) and osteogenic (ALPL, BGLAP, BMP2, RUNX2) markers was determined by quantitative RT-PCR.Results: PIMSC cultures demonstrated high expression of embryonic and mesenchymal stem cell markers with inter-individual variability. After exposure to neurogenic, angiogenic and osteogenic conditions, PIMSCs showed pronounced tri-lineage differentiation potential, as evidenced by their morphology and expression of respective markers. High mineralization potential was observed.Conclusions: This study provides evidence that MSC-like populations reside within the GT of PI lesions and exhibit a multilineage differentiation potential. Further studies are needed to specify the biological role of these cells in the healing processes of inflamed PI tissues and to provide indications for their potential use in regenerative therapies.

Generation and characterization of mesenchymal stem cells from the affected femoral heads of dogs with Legg Calvé Perthes disease

“…RUNX2 is an essential transcription factor for the differentiation of MSCs into preosteoblasts ( Kawane et al ., 2018 ). It has also been reported that ALPL is expressed when MSCs are induced to differentiate into osteoblasts and is widely used as an indicator of osteoblast differentiation ( Gousopoulou et al ., 2021 ). SPP1, also known as osteopontin, is produced by osteoblasts and osteoclasts and plays an important role in bone formation, resorption, and remodeling ( Terai et al ., 1999 ).…”

Regenerative Potential of Granulation Tissue in Periodontitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

“…Putative MSCs have been found in regenerative periodontal tissues, suggesting that MSCs are crucial in the periodontal regenerative process [57]. Gousopoulou et al [58] found that putative MSCs also exist in inflamed granulation tissue of peri-implantitis lesions and exhibit multidifferential ability, indicating a regenerative therapeutic potency. Even though these cell-based therapies are still at their exploratory stage, MSCs have already shown promising treatment potential [5,32].…”

The granulation tissue preservation technique in regenerative periodontal surgery—a randomized controlled clinical trial

“…Moreover, the existing vascular network and the precursor cells contained in the granulation tissue can be preserved and subsequently promote wound healing. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that cells with properties of mesenchymal stem cells reside in both inflamed periodontal and peri-implant tissues (Adam et al, 2019(Adam et al, , 2020Gousopoulou et al, 2021;Park et al, 2011). From this point of view, it seems to make sense to preserve the defect-filling granulation tissue in regenerative periodontal surgery.…”