Evaluation of Spirulina Platensis Enriched Diet on Growth Performance, Biochemical Parameters and Immune Response of Oreochromis Niloticus

Abstract

Two hundred and twenty five Oreochromis niloticus with average body weight 36±1 g, were distributed randomly into five groups in triplicates. The control group was fed on basal diet, while the other groups were supplemented with various levels of Spirulina platensis (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2%) for 90 days. The growth performance, biochemical parameters (Alanine aminotransferase activity, Aspartate aminotransferase, Creatinine and cortisol), antioxidant effect (Reduced Glutathion enzyme), IgM and lysozyme were determined. Also, investigating the differences between fish fed the control diet and diet supplemented with Spirulina (1%) against the infection with pathogenic strain of Aeromonas hydrophila. The final body weight, gain percent and specific growth rate was significantly (P˂0.05) increased in fish fed on supplemented diet with Spirulina comparable with that fed on the control diet. The highest final body weight (49.60±0.52g), body gain (11.70±1.04g) and body gain (30.87±4.10%) were recorded in fish fed on diet supplemented with 2% Spirulina. Biochemical, immunological parameters and antioxidant enzyme (GSH) were improved in the group supplemented with Spirulina in comparing with fish fed on basal diet. The best result was recorded in-group fed on Spirulina supplemented diet by level of 1% at which the levels of IgM was 42.40 ±0.66 μg /ml, lysozyme level was 31.33 ±0.44 μg /ml and the level of GSH was 11.7 ±0.39 mg/g tissues. Moreover, Spirulina supplemented with (1%) in diet enhanced fish protection against A. hydrophila infection. The survival rate was (80%) in fish fed on diet supplemented with 1% Spirulina.