Evaluation of spinosad for the oral treatment and control of flea infestations on dogs in Europe

Wolken, Sonja; Franc, Michel; Bouhsira, Émilie; Wiseman, Scott; Hayes, Brad; Schnitzler, Beate; Jacobs, D. Ε.

doi:10.1136/vr.100211

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(28 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Other investigators have presented more variable residual activities against fleas over 28 days [31, 32]. In contrast to our results, previous studies have reported complete knockdown of established flea populations [33] and 100% mortality within 4 h [31], coinciding with peak canine spinosad plasma levels, between 2 to 4 h post-treatment [30]. Spinosyns have also demonstrated high levels of efficacy against Phlebotomus papatasi feeding on treated hamsters (5000 mg/kg), producing 100% sand fly mortality for one week; mortality declined to 14.2% by day 14 [34].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Systemic insecticide treatment of the canine reservoir of Trypanosoma cruzi induces high levels of lethality in Triatoma infestans, a principal vector of Chagas disease

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundDespite large-scale reductions in Chagas disease prevalence across Central and South America, Trypanosoma cruzi infection remains a considerable public health problem in the Gran Chaco region where vector-borne transmission persists. In these communities, peridomestic animals are major blood-meal sources for triatomines, and household presence of infected dogs increases T. cruzi transmission risk for humans. To address the pressing need for field-friendly, complementary methods to reduce triatomine infestation and interrupt T. cruzi transmission, this study evaluated the systemic activity of three commercial, oral, single dose insecticides Fluralaner (Bravecto®), Afoxolaner (NexGard®) and Spinosad (Comfortis®) in canine feed-through assays against Triatoma infestans, the principal domestic vector species in the Southern Cone of South America.MethodsTwelve healthy, outbred dogs were recruited from the Zoonosis Surveillance and Control Program in Santa Cruz, Bolivia, and randomized to three treatment groups, each containing one control and three treated dogs. Following oral drug administration, colony-reared second and third stage T. infestans instars were offered to feed on dogs for 30 min at 2, 7, 21, 34 and 51 days post-treatment.ResultsEighty-five per cent (768/907) of T. infestans successfully blood-fed during bioassays, with significantly higher proportions of bugs becoming fully-engorged when exposed to Bravecto® treated dogs (P < 0.001) for reasons unknown. Exposure to Bravecto® or NexGard® induced 100% triatomine mortality in fully- or semi-engorged bugs within 5 days of feeding for the entire follow-up period. The lethality effect for Comfortis® was much lower (50–70%) and declined almost entirely after 51 days. Instead Comfortis® treatment resulted in substantial morbidity; of these, 30% fully recovered whereas 53% remained morbid after 120 h, the latter subsequently unable to feed 30 days later.ConclusionsA single oral dose of Fluralaner or Afoxolaner was safe and well tolerated, producing complete triatomine mortality on treated dogs over 7.3 weeks. While both drugs were highly efficacious, more bugs exposed to Fluralaner took complete blood-meals, and experienced rapid knock-down. Coupled with its longer residual activity, Fluralaner represents an ideal insecticide for development into a complementary, operationally-feasible, community-level method of reducing triatomine infestation and potentially controlling T. cruzi transmission, in the Gran Chaco region.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…This drug can also be a potent pulicide, reducing C. felis burdens by >99 and 97–98% three and four weeks post-treatment in laboratory infestations, respectively, and by >99% after a 90 day multi-country community trial [30]. Other investigators have presented more variable residual activities against fleas over 28 days [31, 32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic insecticide treatment of the canine reservoir of Trypanosoma cruzi induces high levels of lethality in Triatoma infestans, a principal vector of Chagas disease

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…By Days 60 and 90 of the 3 month trial, the percent reduction in flea numbers on the dogs were 99.7% and 99.9% for the spinosad-treated dogs and 97.9% and 98.9% for the selamectin-treated dogs, respectively [21]. In another three month clinical field trial conducted in France, the percent reduction in flea numbers on the dogs on Days 60 and 90 were 99.6% and 99.6% for the spinosad-treated dogs and 97.8% and 98.2% for the selamectin-treated dogs, respectively [22]. Both these clinical field trials demonstrated that selamectin and spinosad were highly effective in eliminating flea infestations on client owned dogs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of selamectin, spinosad, and spinosad/milbemycin oxime against the KS1 Ctenocephalides felis flea strain infesting dogs

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundA study was conducted to evaluate and compare the efficacy of selamectin, spinosad, and spinosad/milbemycin oxime against the KS1 strain of Ctenocephalides felis on dogs.MethodsForty-eight dogs were selected for the study and two batches of 24 were blocked and allocated randomly to treatment groups and flea count times. There were four treatment groups of 12 dogs each: negative control, topical selamectin, oral spinosad/milbemycin oxime, and oral spinosad. Each dog was infested with 100 fleas on Days -2, 7, 14, 21 and 28. Within each treatment group, six dogs were flea counted at 24 hours and six at 48 hours after treatment or post-infestation. On Day 0, dogs received a single treatment of the appropriate drug according to the approved commercial label.ResultsEfficacy of selamectin against an existing flea infestation was 60.4% and 91.4% at 24 and 48 hours, respectively, whereas spinosad/milbemycin oxime and spinosad were 100% at both time points. All products were >90% effective within 24 hours after subsequent infestations on Days 7, 14 and 21. Following the Day 28 flea infestation, selamectin was 93% and 95.7% effective at 24 and 48 hours, respectively. Whereas the efficacy of spinosad/milbemycin oxime following the day 28 infestation was 84.7% and 87.5% at 24 and 48 hours, respectively and spinosad alone was 72.9% and 76.3% effective at 24 and 48 hours, respectively.ConclusionsAfter initial application, the two oral spinosad products had a more rapid onset of flea kill than topical selamectin which took up to 48 hours to control (>90%) the existing infestation. However, for subsequent weekly flea infestations selamectin had similar or better efficacy than spinosad or spinosad/milbemycin oxime at 24 and 48 hours after infestation. Spinosad/milbemycin oxime and spinosad were >90% effective against the KS1 strain from Day 1 to Day 23. Whereas, selamectin was >90% effective against the KS1 strain of C. felis from Day 2 to Day 30.

show abstract

“…As an example, although multicentre field trials have successfully demonstrated the monthly efficacy of spinosad in naturally infected dogs during the summer, i.e. the period of highest level of contamination for homes [148], control of fleas is not imperatively seasonal.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fleas infesting pets in the era of emerging extra-intestinal nematodes

Traversa

2013

Parasites Vectors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Modifications in climatic conditions, movements of hosts and goods, changes in animal phenology and human behaviour and increase of wildlife, are presently concurring in the geographic spread of vectors and cardio-respiratory nematodes, e.g. Dirofilaria immitis, Angiostrongylus vasorum, Aelurostrongylus abstrusus and Capillaria aerophila. All these factors may also influence dispersion and clinical significance of fleas, thus posing relevant challenges in those regions where other parasites are emerging at the same time. Ctenocephalides felis, Ctenocephalides canis and Pulex irritans cause discomfort, nuisance, allergic reactions, anaemia, and may transmit several pathogens, some of them are of importance for public health. The present article reviews the importance of fleas in small animal practice and their sanitary relevance for dogs, cats and humans, and discusses current control methods in the present era of emerging extra-intestinal nematodes, towards a possible changing perspective for controlling key parasites affecting companion animals.

show abstract

Evaluation of spinosad for the oral treatment and control of flea infestations on dogs in Europe

Cited by 25 publications

References 17 publications

Systemic insecticide treatment of the canine reservoir of Trypanosoma cruzi induces high levels of lethality in Triatoma infestans, a principal vector of Chagas disease

Systemic insecticide treatment of the canine reservoir of Trypanosoma cruzi induces high levels of lethality in Triatoma infestans, a principal vector of Chagas disease

Efficacy of selamectin, spinosad, and spinosad/milbemycin oxime against the KS1 Ctenocephalides felis flea strain infesting dogs

Fleas infesting pets in the era of emerging extra-intestinal nematodes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About