2011
DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31837
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Evaluation of spinal instrumentation rod bending characteristics for in‐situ contouring

Abstract: Bending characteristics were studied in rods used for spinal instrumentation at in-situ contouring conditions. Five groups of five 6 mm diameter rods made from: cobalt alloy (VITALLIUM), titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy (SDI™), β-titanium alloy (TNTZ), cold worked stainless steel (STIFF), and annealed stainless steel (MALLEABLE) were studied. The bending procedure was similar to that typically applied for in-situ contouring in the operating room and included two bending cycles: first--bending to 21-24° under l… Show more

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Cited by 17 publications
(12 citation statements)
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“…This intraoperative bending of the rod introduces cracks or dents in the material, which can reduce the endurance limit of the rod, also termed the “notch effect”. Slivka et al [ 32 ] found that the endurance limit of CoCr was at least 25% higher than UHSS, SS, or TI in response to repetitive bending whereas Noshchenko et al [ 33 ] showed the highest “springback” (or yield strength) in Ti rods compared to SS. Wedemeyer et al [ 34 ] in a bovine model, confirmed that Tis can withstand higher strains and yield than the relatively brittle SS before failure occurs after bending.…”
Section: Rod Materialsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This intraoperative bending of the rod introduces cracks or dents in the material, which can reduce the endurance limit of the rod, also termed the “notch effect”. Slivka et al [ 32 ] found that the endurance limit of CoCr was at least 25% higher than UHSS, SS, or TI in response to repetitive bending whereas Noshchenko et al [ 33 ] showed the highest “springback” (or yield strength) in Ti rods compared to SS. Wedemeyer et al [ 34 ] in a bovine model, confirmed that Tis can withstand higher strains and yield than the relatively brittle SS before failure occurs after bending.…”
Section: Rod Materialsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The first notion states that primary contouring or metal bending (including the use of French benders) has shown to weaken metal and decrease fatigue strength [ 20 , 21 ]. Further, repeated bending or rod contouring to an extreme angle has been hypothesized to decrease rod fatigue strength [ 20 25 ]. While biomechanical studies have shown a link between “excessive contouring” and decreased fatigue strength, no clinical study to date has confirmed if this “excessive contouring” poses a significant risk in real-world surgical applications.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Studies were conducted in different countries across continents that increase the external validity of the study. Four studies were done in USA [ 21 , 23 25 ], two studies in France [ 12 , 16 ], two studies in South Korea [ 17 , 18 ], two studies in Japan [ 19 , 22 ], and one study in Malaysia [ 20 ].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These studies reported the different outcomes of interest concerning our study questions. Four studies compared correction rate [ 12 , 16 , 19 , 20 ]; five studies compared rod fracture [ 17 19 , 24 , 25 ]; three studies compared thoracic kyphosis [ 12 , 16 , 20 ], proximal junctional kyphosis [ 12 , 17 , 18 ], and fatigue life [ 21 23 ] each; two studies compared lumbar lordosis [ 12 , 16 ] and bending stiffness [ 22 , 23 ] each. Studies comparing similar outcomes were analyzed together in the same forest plot.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%