Evaluation of some salivary enzymes as a diagnostic biomarker for progression of periodontal disease.

Abstract

Objectives: Saliva has been discussed lately as an important biological material to the purpose of diagnosis. The objective of our present study, was to study candidate biochemical markers, enzymes, in salivary samples for the screening of periodontal disease. These enzymes were ALT, AST, GGT, LDH and CK. Subjects and Methods: A total of sixty participants males and females and ranging in age from 30-45 years old were selected; 40 patients with periodontal disease and 20 healthy individuals were included in this study. Group I was comprised of 20 patients having periodontitis; forming the test group. Group II was comprised of 20 patients with gingivitis, forming the positive control group. Group III was comprised of 20 healthy adult volunteers who represented the negative control group. All individuals were assessed by: Gingival index (Loe and Sillness), probing depth and clinical attachment loss. Patients within periodontitis group underwent conventional periodontal treatment consisting of oral hygiene instructions, full mouth thorough scaling and root planning (SRP). The salivary samples were collected at baseline from all groups (before treatment) and three weeks post treatment of periodontitis group. Results: The activities of ALT, AST, GGT, LDH and CK enzymes were significantly increased in the saliva of patients with periodontal disease in relation to those of healthy condition, thus they can be used as a biological biomarker for progression of periodontal disease. This is probably a consequence of pathological processes in periodontal tissues where from these intracellular enzymes are increasingly released into the secretion which surrounds them -saliva. There was also an established correlation between AST and the value of the gingival index and probing depth. After periodontal treatment the activity of examined salivary enzymes was decreased, which is probably a result of periodontal tissues repair. Conclusion: Screening of periodontal disease by measuring salivary levels of ALT, AST, GGT, LDH and CK may be a feasible, simple and convenient approach that does not require expert examiners especially in mass screening events.

Aspartato aminotransferasa salival biomolécula diagnóstica de periodontitis como puente de interacción multidisciplinaria

“…Además, la asociación entre los niveles de ASTsa y la CAL (r = 8.831, p< 0.01) de la enfermedad es reportada por Luke et al (29) en 40 sujetos de la India con edades entre 20 a 50 años. Con respecto a la disminución significativa de los niveles de ASTsa a los 21 días de la terapia, los resultados del presente estudio muestran concordancia con lo reportado por Abdel Kader et al (32) quienes en 60 sujetos con un rango de edad de 30 a 45 años, observaron una disminución de 195.35 ± 46.86 U / L a 62.10 ± 23.83 U / L, mientras que Kudva et al (30) también reportan una reducción significativa un mes (46.36 ± 3.78 U / L ) y tres meses después ( 37.16 ± 1.77 U / L; p < 0.001) de la terapia comparados con los niveles de antes de la terapia (76.8 ± 7.56 U / L).…”

Salivary Biomarkers in Periodontal Diseases: A Review

“…Tissue degradation molecules such as pyridinoline cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) that are specific to bone resorption are released into the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and can be used as biomarkers for periodontal disease and the previously mentioned cytokines and enzymes. Salivary calcium and phosphorus levels also give important indication about the diagnosis and severity of periodontal disease due to these elements are important components of teeth (19).…”