EVALUATION OF SOME PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST MAIZE WEEVIL, Sitophilus zeamais (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS

Abstract

Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the insecticidal potential of extracts of eight plants viz. lemon grass (Cymbopogon flexousus), turmeric (Curcuma longa), basil (Ocimum basilicum), harmal (Peganum harmala), heeng (Ferula assa-foetida), neem (Azadirachta indica), tumma (Citrullus colocynthis) and mint (Mentha arvensis) against maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais using three concentrations (5, 10 and 15%) at three time intervals (2, 4 and 6 days) in the laboratory. The results revealed that maize weevil mortality was increased with the increase in concentration and time interval. Maximum mortality (86.67%) of the pest was observed with the use A. indica extract at 15% concentration after 6 days of application followed by C. colocynthis extract (81.66%), P. harmala (76.66%), C. longa (71.67%), O. basilicum (66.66%), F. assafoetida (61.66%), C. flexousus (58.33%) and M. arvensis (53.33%). The lowest mortality (22.78%) was observed against lowest concentration of C. flexousus. Overall results show that mortality of the insect increased with the increase in concentration and exposure time.

Insecticidal Properties of Ocimum basilicum and Cymbopogon winterianus against Acanthoscelides obtectus, Insect Pest of the Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris, L.)

“…C. winterianus extracts have shown repellency and substantial control capacity against many species from different insect orders, such as Spodoptera exigua Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) [30,31], Anopheles gambiae (Insecta: Culicidae) [32], and Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) [33], the former being an important stored product pest. On the other hand, O. basilicum has confronted several storage pests, such as Sithopilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) [34] and Rhyzoperta dominica Fabricius (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) [35], but does not show insecticidal activity against Coleoptera, a species belonging to other insect orders, such as S. exigua [31].…”

A review study on botanical pesticides for the management of stored grain insect pests

“…The ethanol seed extract of bitter gourd, karanja and urmoi showed grain protective effects over wheat grains up to 30 days. The extracts did not show any adverse effect on germination capability of wheat seeds even after 3 months of treatments (Islam, 2002). Lime peel oil is effective in the protection of maize against weevil Sitophilus zeamaise .…”

Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Nerium oleander L. terhadap Populasi dan Intensitas Serangan Spodoptera exigua (Hubner.) dan Pengaruhnya pada Produksi Bawang Merah

“…Pengendalian dengan cara tersebut dianggap lebih efektif karena dapat menurunkan populasi hama dalam waktu yang relatif singkat, tetapi penggunaaan pestisida secara terus menerus dan berlebihan dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif seperti terjadinya resistensi hama, resurjensi, masalah residu, pencemaran lingkungan dan terbunuhnya musuh alami hama serta berdampak buruk terhadap organisme yang bukan sasaran seperti manusia (Damalas & Eleftherohorinos, 2011;Kim et al, 2017) dan kerusakan ekosistem (Aktar et al, 2009;Meena et al, 2020;Wang et al, 2018) Untuk mengurangi dampak negatif dari penggunaan pestisida sintetis dapat dilakukan dengan penggunaan bahanbahan alam sebagai bahan pengendali hama ramah lingkungan. Berbagai jenis tumbuhan yang bersifat insektisidal telah dilaporkan oleh banyak peneliti seperti ekstrak tumbuhan andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) dan jambu mete (Anacardium occidentale) sebagai insektisida nabati untuk ulat kubis Plutella xylostella dan apis Brevicoryne brassicae (Osabutey et al, 2018), ekstrak nimba (Azadirachta indica) untuk pengendalian Sitophilus zeamais pada biji jagung (Islam, 2017), S. littoralis (Boisd.) pada tanaman kapas dan S. exigua (Hubner) pada tanaman bawang merah (Sukirno, 2017), ekstrak daun sirsak (Annona muricata) untuk pengendalian Riptortus linearis pada tanaman kedelai (Rahmawati et al, 2019), ekstrak daun pepaya (Carica papaya L.) untuk pengendalian Leptocorisa acuta pada tanaman padi (Listianti et al, 2019), serta ekstrak bunga mentega (Nerium oleander) sebagai pengawet berbagai jenis kayu-kayuan (Goktas et al, 2007), sebagai larvasida (El-Akhal et al, 2015;Salim et al, 2020), herbisida (Al-Samarai et al, 2018) dan insektisida (Salim et al, 2016).…”