Evaluation of soluble CD200 levels in type 2 diabetic foot and nephropathic patients: Association with disease activity

Abstract

BackgroundCD200 (OX-2) is a novel immune-effective molecule, existing in a cell membrane-bound form, as well as in a soluble form in serum (s OX-2), which acts to regulate inflammatory and acquired immune responses.Material/MethodsWe planned this study to evaluate the sOX-2 levels of type 2 diabetic foot (group B), and compare it with that of healthy controls (group A). The patient group had the following values: DM period: 27.9±10.3 year [mean ±SD], HbA1c: 9.52±2.44% [mean ±SD].ResultsBlood samples for sCD200 measurement were always taken in the morning between 8 and 10 A.M.. The results were reported as means of duplicate measurements. Concentrations of sOX-2 in the serum samples were quantified using an ELISA kit. Serum hs-CRP levels were measured using an hs-CRP assay kit. The sOX-2 level in group B was 173.8±3.1 and in group A was 70.52±1.2 [p<0.0001). In subgroup analysis of T2DM-DFI patients, we noticed that sOX-2 levels were higher in WGS (Wagner grading system) I and II patients than in WGS III and IV patients. The HbA1c, BUN, creatinine, hs-CRP levels, and sedimentation rates were higher in the patient group (p<0.0001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.005, and p<0.0001, respectively).ConclusionsWe suggest that there are vascular, immunologic, and neurologic components in DFI, whereas autoimmune diseases and inflammatory skin disorders have only an immunologic component. This is possibly evidence of a pro-inflammatory effect seen in DFI as a vascular complication.

Apo E Gene Polymorphism Affects Development of Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy in Asian Populations, Especially in East Asians: An Updated Meta-Analysis

“…Diabetic nephropathy has been categorized into 2 stages: microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria. Several factors are involved in the pathophysiology of DN, including metabolic and hemodynamic alterations, oxidative stress, activation of the renin-angiotensin system, immunoregulatory cytokines [ 2 , 3 ] and genetic factors. The 2 main risk factors for diabetic nephropathy are hyperglycemia and arterial hypertension, but the genetic susceptibility in type 1 and type 2 diabetes is of great importance [ 4 ].…”