Evaluation of Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate as a Potential Catfish Egg Disinfectant

Abstract

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate (SCP) in improving the hatching success of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus when used as a prophylactic chemotherapeutant during egg incubation. In the first experiment, the efficacy of SCP was evaluated in 379-L aluminum incubation troughs similar to those used in commercial hatcheries. Egg masses treated daily with 254 mg of SCP/L of water had significantly higher mean hatching success than untreated controls, and a pathogen-inhibiting effect was also evident (i.e., no gross infection was observed on the treated egg masses). In the second experiment, the hatching success of egg masses treated daily with 254 mg/L was compared with that of egg masses treated daily with hydrogen peroxide (70 mg/L). The effects of both treatments on the pH, dissolved oxygen, and hydrogen peroxide concentrations in the trough were also examined. Both SCP and hydrogen peroxide significantly improved hatching success. Unlike in the treatment with hydrogen peroxide, water pH increased during the treatment with SCP; however, no negative effects on hatching success were observed. The results of this research suggest that SCP acts similarly to hydrogen peroxide in improving channel catfish hatching success and warrants further research to determine whether it could be a practical and effective alternative for managing catfish egg infections in commercial hatcheries.

Disinfection of teleost eggs: a review

“…; Forneris et al . ; Small ). Two studies determined bacterial load based on quantifying the egg surface coverage with scanning electron microscopy (Barnes et al .…”

“…Complete elimination of the fungi associated with the fish eggs was established in only two studies (Rach et al . ; Small ).…”

“…To identify the presence of fungi on fish eggs and to evaluate the rate of fungal growth, light microscopy was used (Pavlov & Moksness 1993;Khodabandeh & Abtahi 2006;Straus et al 2012a). Different authors indicated that the presence of fungi on eggs was visually documented, but whether this happened by merely observing the eggs with the naked eye (Aller-Gancedo & Fregeneda-Grandes 2007) or examining these microscopically is not mentioned (Marking et al 1994;Schreier et al 1996;Rach et al 1998;Forneris et al 2003;Small 2009). Two studies determined bacterial load based on quantifying the egg surface coverage with scanning electron microscopy Sørensen et al 2014).…”

“…Performing a water analysis therefore is crucial, with pH and water hardness as the most important parameters to monitor. This was performed in most of the studies in which H 2 O 2 was adopted as a disinfectant (Schreier et al 1996;Rach et al 1998;Peck et al 2004;Verner-Jeffreys et al 2007;Small 2009;Wagner et al 2010Wagner et al , 2012b. When performing disinfection of fish eggs with H 2 O 2 , it is also necessary to take the water temperature into account.…”

“…Axenity of the larvae was achieved in one of two experiments with no negative impact on the hatching percentage. Complete elimination of the fungi associated with the fish eggs was established in only two studies (Rach et al 1998;Small 2009).…”