Evaluation of Six Plant Essential Oils against Three Stored Product Insects and Their Effects on the Haemogram under Laboratory Conditions

Abstract

The effect of six plant essential oils against three stored grain insects, Sitophilus oryzae, Rhizopertha dominica and Tribolium castaneum were studied under laboratory conditions. The tested oils are namely, fennel oil (Foeniculum vulgare), caraway oil (Carum carvi), cinnamon oil (Cinnamomum verum), citronella oil (Cymbopogon winterianus), nutmeg oil (Myristica fragrans) and black cumin oil (Nigella sativa). The result showed that increasing of the oil concentration and exposure times significantly increased the mortality percentage.Generally, the toxicity of essential oils at all tested concentrations increased with the increasing of exposure time. So, the results indicated that toxicity of all tested essential oil against the three stored grain insects at the high concentration was recorded high mortality faster than low concentration.The tested essential oils significantly decreased the different haemocyte counts in tested insects, cinnamon oil markedly increased the haemocyte surface areas in the tested insects especially the surface area of oenocytoides in T. castaneum.The recorded results indicate that the essential oils of fennel, caraway, cinnamon and citronella could be applicable to the management of S. oryzae, R. dominica and T. castaneum adults.

Potential insecticidal activity of four essential oils against the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

“…The EO composition of C. citratus EO showed the presence of neral, geranial, and β-pinene as main compounds, while in C. nardus they were citronellal, nerol, and citronellol; both oils showed low contact toxicity against Dinoderus porcellus L. (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) (Loko et al 2021). When tested against three stored grain insects, Sitophilus oryzae, Rhyzopertha dominica, and Tribolium castaneum, plant EOs could play an important role in control of stored-grain insects especially S. oryzae and could be recommended for use as a part of IPM program in stored grains (Tawfeek et al 2017).…”

Efficacy of Saponins Extracted from Yucca schidigera Roezl against the Major Storage Pest, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)

“…Haemocytes are generally considered as cellular defense units in insects and are in part accountable for their immunity (Gupta and Sutherland, 1967;Lavine and Strand, 2002). Any alteration in types and numbers of haemocytes reflects changes in physiological and biochemical processes, leading in some cases to insect toxicity (Qamar and Jamal, 2009;Tawfeek et al, 2017). Numerous chemicals and botanicals have been documented as known inducers of haemocytic responses such as a variation in DHCs in various insect species (De Azambuja et al, 1991, Edward George andAmbrose, 2004;Zibaee and bandani, 2010;Abdel-Haleem et al, 2020).…”

Controlling Stored Products’ Pests with Plant Secondary Metabolites: A Review

“…Among the natural substances trialed for their fumigant properties, the most effective were the essential oils obtained from Cymbopogon citratus and Zingiber officinale [85], O. basilicum [121], Origanum vulgare and Citrus lemon oils [57]. Essentials oils of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), caraway (C. carvi), cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum), citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus), nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) and black cumin (Nigella sativa) were all proven to be highly competent as contact toxicity insecticides [64]. Additionally, Artemisia judaica, Callistemon viminals and O. vulgare caused high-contact toxicity to S. oryzae with LC 50 values of 0.08, 0.09 and 0.11 mg/cm 2 , respectively [57].…”

“…It is a primary pest of stored products, feeding on all cereals and grain products. According to a study published in 2017 by Tawfeek et al, essential oils of fennel (F. vulgare), caraway (C. carvi), cinnamon (C. verum), citronella (C. winterianus), nutmeg (M. fragrans) and black cumin (N. sativa) seemed to be very active, with fennel being the most effective [64]. The essential oil of H. suaveolens is reported to have potential as a contact insecticide [98].…”